]> git.sesse.net Git - vlc/blobdiff - modules/misc/gnutls.c
Use _WIN32 rather than WIN32 (same for WIN64)
[vlc] / modules / misc / gnutls.c
index e3c726f8c9fa3e5f8a4ca027a5c4f23a9395eda3..4a6056abe1d237c350c9b3202bdd97fb61ac5d45 100644 (file)
@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
 /*****************************************************************************
  * gnutls.c
  *****************************************************************************
- * Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Rémi Denis-Courmont
- * $Id$
- *
- * Authors: Rémi Denis-Courmont <rem # videolan.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Rémi Denis-Courmont
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  * (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Öesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
  *****************************************************************************/
 
 /*****************************************************************************
 # include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <vlc/vlc.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <time.h>
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_DIRENT_H
-# include <dirent.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
-# include <sys/stat.h>
-# ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-#  include <unistd.h>
-# endif
-#endif
-
+#include <assert.h>
 
-#include "vlc_tls.h"
-#include <vlc_charset.h>
+#include <vlc_common.h>
+#include <vlc_plugin.h>
+#include <vlc_tls.h>
+#include <vlc_block.h>
+#include <vlc_dialog.h>
 
-#include <gcrypt.h>
 #include <gnutls/gnutls.h>
 #include <gnutls/x509.h>
-
-#define CACHE_TIMEOUT     3600
-#define CACHE_SIZE          64
-
 #include "dhparams.h"
 
 /*****************************************************************************
  * Module descriptor
  *****************************************************************************/
-static int  OpenClient  (vlc_object_t *);
-static void CloseClient (vlc_object_t *);
-static int  OpenServer  (vlc_object_t *);
-static void CloseServer (vlc_object_t *);
-
-#define CACHE_TIMEOUT_TEXT N_("Expiration time for resumed TLS sessions")
-#define CACHE_TIMEOUT_LONGTEXT N_( \
-    "It is possible to cache the resumed TLS sessions. This is the expiration "\
-    "time of the sessions stored in this cache, in seconds." )
-
-#define CACHE_SIZE_TEXT N_("Number of resumed TLS sessions")
-#define CACHE_SIZE_LONGTEXT N_( \
-    "This is the maximum number of resumed TLS sessions that " \
-    "the cache will hold." )
-
-vlc_module_begin();
-    set_shortname( "GnuTLS" );
-    set_description( _("GnuTLS transport layer security") );
-    set_capability( "tls client", 1 );
-    set_callbacks( OpenClient, CloseClient );
-    set_category( CAT_ADVANCED );
-    set_subcategory( SUBCAT_ADVANCED_MISC );
-
-    add_obsolete_bool( "tls-check-cert" );
-    add_obsolete_bool( "tls-check-hostname" );
-
-    add_submodule();
-        set_description( _("GnuTLS server") );
-        set_capability( "tls server", 1 );
-        set_category( CAT_ADVANCED );
-        set_subcategory( SUBCAT_ADVANCED_MISC );
-        set_callbacks( OpenServer, CloseServer );
-
-        add_obsolete_integer( "gnutls-dh-bits" );
-        add_integer( "gnutls-cache-timeout", CACHE_TIMEOUT, NULL,
-                    CACHE_TIMEOUT_TEXT, CACHE_TIMEOUT_LONGTEXT, true );
-        add_integer( "gnutls-cache-size", CACHE_SIZE, NULL, CACHE_SIZE_TEXT,
-                    CACHE_SIZE_LONGTEXT, true );
-vlc_module_end();
-
-
-
-#ifdef LIBVLC_USE_PTHREAD
-GCRY_THREAD_OPTION_PTHREAD_IMPL;
-# define gcry_threads_vlc gcry_threads_pthread
-#else
-/**
- * gcrypt thread option VLC implementation
- */
-
-static int gcry_vlc_mutex_init( void **p_sys )
-{
-    int i_val;
-    vlc_mutex_t *p_lock = (vlc_mutex_t *)malloc( sizeof( vlc_mutex_t ) );
+static int  OpenClient  (vlc_tls_creds_t *);
+static void CloseClient (vlc_tls_creds_t *);
+static int  OpenServer  (vlc_tls_creds_t *, const char *, const char *);
+static void CloseServer (vlc_tls_creds_t *);
+
+#define PRIORITIES_TEXT N_("TLS cipher priorities")
+#define PRIORITIES_LONGTEXT N_("Ciphers, key exchange methods, " \
+    "hash functions and compression methods can be selected. " \
+    "Refer to GNU TLS documentation for detailed syntax.")
+static const char *const priorities_values[] = {
+    "PERFORMANCE",
+    "NORMAL",
+    "SECURE128",
+    "SECURE256",
+    "EXPORT",
+};
+static const char *const priorities_text[] = {
+    N_("Performance (prioritize faster ciphers)"),
+    N_("Normal"),
+    N_("Secure 128-bits (exclude 256-bits ciphers)"),
+    N_("Secure 256-bits (prioritize 256-bits ciphers)"),
+    N_("Export (include insecure ciphers)"),
+};
 
-    if( p_lock == NULL)
-        return ENOMEM;
+vlc_module_begin ()
+    set_shortname( "GNU TLS" )
+    set_description( N_("GNU TLS transport layer security") )
+    set_capability( "tls client", 1 )
+    set_callbacks( OpenClient, CloseClient )
+    set_category( CAT_ADVANCED )
+    set_subcategory( SUBCAT_ADVANCED_NETWORK )
 
-    i_val = vlc_mutex_init( (vlc_object_t *)NULL, p_lock );
-    if( i_val )
-        free( p_lock );
-    else
-        *p_sys = p_lock;
-    return i_val;
-}
+    add_submodule ()
+        set_description( N_("GNU TLS server") )
+        set_capability( "tls server", 1 )
+        set_category( CAT_ADVANCED )
+        set_subcategory( SUBCAT_ADVANCED_NETWORK )
+        set_callbacks( OpenServer, CloseServer )
 
-static int gcry_vlc_mutex_destroy( void **p_sys )
-{
-    vlc_mutex_t *p_lock = (vlc_mutex_t *)*p_sys;
-    vlc_mutex_destroy( p_lock );
-    free( p_lock );
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int gcry_vlc_mutex_lock( void **p_sys )
-{
-    vlc_mutex_lock( (vlc_mutex_t *)*p_sys );
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int gcry_vlc_mutex_unlock( void **lock )
-{
-    vlc_mutex_unlock( (vlc_mutex_t *)*lock );
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static struct gcry_thread_cbs gcry_threads_vlc =
-{
-    GCRY_THREAD_OPTION_USER,
-    NULL,
-    gcry_vlc_mutex_init,
-    gcry_vlc_mutex_destroy,
-    gcry_vlc_mutex_lock,
-    gcry_vlc_mutex_unlock
-};
-#endif
+        add_string ("gnutls-priorities", "NORMAL", PRIORITIES_TEXT,
+                    PRIORITIES_LONGTEXT, false)
+            change_string_list (priorities_values, priorities_text)
+vlc_module_end ()
 
+static vlc_mutex_t gnutls_mutex = VLC_STATIC_MUTEX;
 
 /**
  * Initializes GnuTLS with proper locking.
@@ -167,16 +97,14 @@ static int gnutls_Init (vlc_object_t *p_this)
 {
     int ret = VLC_EGENERIC;
 
-    vlc_mutex_t *lock = var_AcquireMutex ("gnutls_mutex");
-
-    gcry_control (GCRYCTL_SET_THREAD_CBS, &gcry_threads_vlc);
+    vlc_mutex_lock (&gnutls_mutex);
     if (gnutls_global_init ())
     {
         msg_Err (p_this, "cannot initialize GnuTLS");
         goto error;
     }
 
-    const char *psz_version = gnutls_check_version ("1.3.3");
+    const char *psz_version = gnutls_check_version ("3.0.20");
     if (psz_version == NULL)
     {
         msg_Err (p_this, "unsupported GnuTLS version");
@@ -188,7 +116,7 @@ static int gnutls_Init (vlc_object_t *p_this)
     ret = VLC_SUCCESS;
 
 error:
-    vlc_mutex_unlock (lock);
+    vlc_mutex_unlock (&gnutls_mutex);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -198,11 +126,11 @@ error:
  */
 static void gnutls_Deinit (vlc_object_t *p_this)
 {
-    vlc_mutex_t *lock = var_AcquireMutex( "gnutls_mutex" );
+    vlc_mutex_lock (&gnutls_mutex);
 
     gnutls_global_deinit ();
     msg_Dbg (p_this, "GnuTLS deinitialized");
-    vlc_mutex_unlock (lock);
+    vlc_mutex_unlock (&gnutls_mutex);
 }
 
 
@@ -211,14 +139,15 @@ static int gnutls_Error (vlc_object_t *obj, int val)
     switch (val)
     {
         case GNUTLS_E_AGAIN:
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifdef _WIN32
+            WSASetLastError (WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
+#else
             errno = EAGAIN;
-            break;
 #endif
-            /* WinSock does not return EAGAIN, return EINTR instead */
+            break;
 
         case GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED:
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef _WIN32
             WSASetLastError (WSAEINTR);
 #else
             errno = EINTR;
@@ -231,7 +160,7 @@ static int gnutls_Error (vlc_object_t *obj, int val)
             if (!gnutls_error_is_fatal (val))
                 msg_Err (obj, "Error above should be handled");
 #endif
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef _WIN32
             WSASetLastError (WSAECONNRESET);
 #else
             errno = ECONNRESET;
@@ -239,849 +168,461 @@ static int gnutls_Error (vlc_object_t *obj, int val)
     }
     return -1;
 }
+#define gnutls_Error(o, val) gnutls_Error(VLC_OBJECT(o), val)
 
-
-struct tls_session_sys_t
+struct vlc_tls_sys
 {
     gnutls_session_t session;
-    char            *psz_hostname;
-    bool       b_handshaked;
+    bool handshaked;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Sends data through a TLS session.
  */
-static int
-gnutls_Send( void *p_session, const void *buf, int i_length )
+static int gnutls_Send (void *opaque, const void *buf, size_t length)
 {
-    int val;
-    tls_session_sys_t *p_sys;
-
-    p_sys = (tls_session_sys_t *)(((tls_session_t *)p_session)->p_sys);
+    vlc_tls_t *session = opaque;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
 
-    val = gnutls_record_send( p_sys->session, buf, i_length );
-    return (val < 0) ? gnutls_Error ((vlc_object_t *)p_session, val) : val;
+    int val = gnutls_record_send (sys->session, buf, length);
+    return (val < 0) ? gnutls_Error (session, val) : val;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Receives data through a TLS session.
  */
-static int
-gnutls_Recv( void *p_session, void *buf, int i_length )
+static int gnutls_Recv (void *opaque, void *buf, size_t length)
 {
-    int val;
-    tls_session_sys_t *p_sys;
-
-    p_sys = (tls_session_sys_t *)(((tls_session_t *)p_session)->p_sys);
+    vlc_tls_t *session = opaque;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
 
-    val = gnutls_record_recv( p_sys->session, buf, i_length );
-    return (val < 0) ? gnutls_Error ((vlc_object_t *)p_session, val) : val;
+    int val = gnutls_record_recv (sys->session, buf, length);
+    return (val < 0) ? gnutls_Error (session, val) : val;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Starts or continues the TLS handshake.
  *
- * @return -1 on fatal error, 0 on succesful handshake completion,
+ * @return -1 on fatal error, 0 on successful handshake completion,
  * 1 if more would-be blocking recv is needed,
  * 2 if more would-be blocking send is required.
  */
-static int
-gnutls_ContinueHandshake (tls_session_t *p_session)
+static int gnutls_ContinueHandshake (vlc_tls_t *session, const char *host,
+                                     const char *service)
 {
-    tls_session_sys_t *p_sys = p_session->p_sys;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
     int val;
 
-#ifdef WIN32
-    WSASetLastError( 0 );
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    WSASetLastError (0);
 #endif
-    val = gnutls_handshake( p_sys->session );
-    if( ( val == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN ) || ( val == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED ) )
-        return 1 + gnutls_record_get_direction( p_sys->session );
+    do
+    {
+        val = gnutls_handshake (sys->session);
+        msg_Dbg (session, "TLS handshake: %s", gnutls_strerror (val));
 
-    if( val < 0 )
+        if ((val == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN) || (val == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED))
+            /* I/O event: return to caller's poll() loop */
+            return 1 + gnutls_record_get_direction (sys->session);
+    }
+    while (val < 0 && !gnutls_error_is_fatal (val));
+
+    if (val < 0)
     {
-#ifdef WIN32
-        msg_Dbg( p_session, "Winsock error %d", WSAGetLastError( ) );
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        msg_Dbg (session, "Winsock error %d", WSAGetLastError ());
 #endif
-        msg_Err( p_session, "TLS handshake error: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
+        msg_Err (session, "TLS handshake error: %s", gnutls_strerror (val));
         return -1;
     }
 
-    p_sys->b_handshaked = true;
+    sys->handshaked = true;
+    (void) host; (void) service;
     return 0;
 }
 
 
-typedef struct
-{
-    int flag;
-    const char *msg;
-} error_msg_t;
-
-static const error_msg_t cert_errors[] =
-{
-    { GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID,
-        "Certificate could not be verified" },
-    { GNUTLS_CERT_REVOKED,
-        "Certificate was revoked" },
-    { GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND,
-        "Certificate's signer was not found" },
-    { GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_CA,
-        "Certificate's signer is not a CA" },
-    { GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM,
-        "Insecure certificate signature algorithm" },
-    { 0, NULL }
-};
-
-
-static int
-gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate( tls_session_t *session )
+/**
+ * Looks up certificate in known hosts data base.
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int gnutls_CertSearch (vlc_tls_t *obj, const char *host,
+                              const char *service,
+                              const gnutls_datum_t *restrict datum)
 {
-    int val = gnutls_ContinueHandshake( session );
-    if( val )
-        return val;
-
-    tls_session_sys_t *p_sys = (tls_session_sys_t *)(session->p_sys);
-
-    /* certificates chain verification */
-    unsigned status;
-    val = gnutls_certificate_verify_peers2( p_sys->session, &status );
+    assert (host != NULL);
 
-    if( val )
-    {
-        msg_Err( session, "Certificate verification failed: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if( status )
+    /* Look up mismatching certificate in store */
+    int val = gnutls_verify_stored_pubkey (NULL, NULL, host, service,
+                                           GNUTLS_CRT_X509, datum, 0);
+    const char *msg;
+    switch (val)
     {
-        msg_Err( session, "TLS session: access denied" );
-        for( const error_msg_t *e = cert_errors; e->flag; e++ )
-        {
-            if( status & e->flag )
-            {
-                msg_Err( session, "%s", e->msg );
-                status &= ~e->flag;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if( status )
-            msg_Err( session,
-                     "unknown certificate error (you found a bug in VLC)" );
-
-        return -1;
+        case 0:
+            msg_Dbg (obj, "certificate key match for %s", host);
+            return 0;
+        case GNUTLS_E_NO_CERTIFICATE_FOUND:
+            msg_Dbg (obj, "no known certificates for %s", host);
+            msg = N_("You attempted to reach %s. "
+                "However the security certificate presented by the server "
+                "is unknown and could not be authenticated by any trusted "
+                "Certification Authority. "
+                "This problem may be caused by a configuration error "
+                "or an attempt to breach your security or your privacy.\n\n"
+                "If in doubt, abort now.\n");
+            break;
+        case GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_KEY_MISMATCH:
+            msg_Dbg (obj, "certificate keys mismatch for %s", host);
+            msg = N_("You attempted to reach %s. "
+                "However the security certificate presented by the server "
+                "changed since the previous visit "
+                "and was not authenticated by any trusted "
+                "Certification Authority. "
+                "This problem may be caused by a configuration error "
+                "or an attempt to breach your security or your privacy.\n\n"
+                "If in doubt, abort now.\n");
+            break;
+        default:
+            msg_Err (obj, "certificate key match error for %s: %s", host,
+                     gnutls_strerror (val));
+            return -1;
     }
 
-    /* certificate (host)name verification */
-    const gnutls_datum_t *data;
-    data = gnutls_certificate_get_peers (p_sys->session, &(unsigned){0});
-    if( data == NULL )
-    {
-        msg_Err( session, "Peer certificate not available" );
+    if (dialog_Question (obj, _("Insecure site"), vlc_gettext (msg),
+                         _("Abort"), _("View certificate"), NULL, host) != 2)
         return -1;
-    }
 
     gnutls_x509_crt_t cert;
-    val = gnutls_x509_crt_init( &cert );
-    if( val )
-    {
-        msg_Err( session, "x509 fatal error: %s", gnutls_strerror( val ) );
-        return -1;
-    }
+    gnutls_datum_t desc;
 
-    val = gnutls_x509_crt_import( cert, data, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER );
-    if( val )
-    {
-        msg_Err( session, "Certificate import error: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
-        goto error;
-    }
-
-    assert( p_sys->psz_hostname != NULL );
-    if ( !gnutls_x509_crt_check_hostname( cert, p_sys->psz_hostname ) )
+    if (gnutls_x509_crt_init (&cert))
+        return -1;
+    if (gnutls_x509_crt_import (cert, datum, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER)
+     || gnutls_x509_crt_print (cert, GNUTLS_CRT_PRINT_ONELINE, &desc))
     {
-        msg_Err( session, "Certificate does not match \"%s\"",
-                 p_sys->psz_hostname );
-        goto error;
+        gnutls_x509_crt_deinit (cert);
+        return -1;
     }
+    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit (cert);
 
-    if( gnutls_x509_crt_get_expiration_time( cert ) < time( NULL ) )
-    {
-        msg_Err( session, "Certificate expired" );
-        goto error;
-    }
+    val = dialog_Question (obj, _("Insecure site"),
+         _("This is the certificate presented by %s:\n%s\n\n"
+           "If in doubt, abort now.\n"),
+                           _("Abort"), _("Accept 24 hours"),
+                           _("Accept permanently"), host, desc.data);
+    gnutls_free (desc.data);
 
-    if( gnutls_x509_crt_get_activation_time( cert ) > time ( NULL ) )
+    time_t expiry = 0;
+    switch (val)
     {
-        msg_Err( session, "Certificate not yet valid" );
-        goto error;
+        case 2:
+            time (&expiry);
+            expiry += 24 * 60 * 60;
+        case 3:
+            val = gnutls_store_pubkey (NULL, NULL, host, service,
+                                       GNUTLS_CRT_X509, datum, expiry, 0);
+            if (val)
+                msg_Err (obj, "cannot store X.509 certificate: %s",
+                         gnutls_strerror (val));
+            return 0;
     }
-
-    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit( cert );
-    msg_Dbg( session, "TLS/x509 certificate verified" );
-    return 0;
-
-error:
-    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit( cert );
     return -1;
 }
 
-/**
- * Sets the operating system file descriptor backend for the TLS sesison.
- *
- * @param fd stream socket already connected with the peer.
- */
-static void
-gnutls_SetFD (tls_session_t *p_session, int fd)
-{
-    gnutls_transport_set_ptr (p_session->p_sys->session,
-                              (gnutls_transport_ptr_t)(intptr_t)fd);
-}
 
-typedef int (*tls_prio_func) (gnutls_session_t, const int *);
-
-static int
-gnutls_SetPriority (vlc_object_t *restrict obj, const char *restrict name,
-                    tls_prio_func func, gnutls_session_t session,
-                    const int *restrict values)
+static struct
 {
-    int val = func (session, values);
-    if (val < 0)
-    {
-        msg_Err (obj, "cannot set %s priorities: %s", name,
-                 gnutls_strerror (val));
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
-    }
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-gnutls_SessionPrioritize (vlc_object_t *obj, gnutls_session_t session)
+    unsigned flag;
+    const char msg[29];
+} cert_errs[] =
 {
-    /* Note that ordering matters (on the client side) */
-    static const int protos[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_TLS1_1,
-        GNUTLS_TLS1_0,
-        GNUTLS_SSL3,
-        0
-    };
-    static const int comps[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_COMP_DEFLATE,
-        GNUTLS_COMP_NULL,
-        0
-    };
-    static const int macs[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_MAC_SHA1,
-        GNUTLS_MAC_RMD160, // RIPEMD
-        GNUTLS_MAC_MD5,
-        //GNUTLS_MAC_MD2,
-        //GNUTLS_MAC_NULL,
-        0
-    };
-    static const int ciphers[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_CBC,
-        GNUTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CBC,
-        GNUTLS_CIPHER_3DES_CBC,
-        GNUTLS_CIPHER_ARCFOUR_128,
-        //GNUTLS_CIPHER_DES_CBC,
-        //GNUTLS_CIPHER_ARCFOUR_40,
-        //GNUTLS_CIPHER_RC2_40_CBC,
-        //GNUTLS_CIPHER_NULL,
-        0
-    };
-    static const int kx[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_KX_DHE_RSA,
-        GNUTLS_KX_DHE_DSS,
-        GNUTLS_KX_RSA,
-        //GNUTLS_KX_RSA_EXPORT,
-        //GNUTLS_KX_DHE_PSK, TODO
-        //GNUTLS_KX_PSK,     TODO
-        //GNUTLS_KX_SRP_RSA, TODO
-        //GNUTLS_KX_SRP_DSS, TODO
-        //GNUTLS_KX_SRP,     TODO
-        //GNUTLS_KX_ANON_DH,
-        0
-    };
-    static const int cert_types[] =
-    {
-        GNUTLS_CRT_X509,
-        //GNUTLS_CRT_OPENPGP, TODO
-        0
-    };
-
-    int val = gnutls_set_default_priority (session);
-    if (val < 0)
-    {
-        msg_Err (obj, "cannot set default TLS priorities: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror (val));
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
-    }
-
-    if (gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "protocols",
-                            gnutls_protocol_set_priority, session, protos)
-     || gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "compression algorithms",
-                            gnutls_compression_set_priority, session, comps)
-     || gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "MAC algorithms",
-                            gnutls_mac_set_priority, session, macs)
-     || gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "ciphers",
-                            gnutls_cipher_set_priority, session, ciphers)
-     || gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "key exchange algorithms",
-                            gnutls_kx_set_priority, session, kx)
-     || gnutls_SetPriority (obj, "certificate types",
-                            gnutls_certificate_type_set_priority, session,
-                            cert_types))
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
-
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID,            "Certificate not verified"     },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_REVOKED,            "Certificate revoked"          },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND,   "Signer not found"             },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_CA,      "Signer not a CA"              },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM, "Signature algorithm insecure" },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_NOT_ACTIVATED,      "Certificate not activated"    },
+    { GNUTLS_CERT_EXPIRED,            "Certificate expired"          },
+};
 
-static int
-gnutls_Addx509File( vlc_object_t *p_this,
-                    gnutls_certificate_credentials_t cred,
-                    const char *psz_path, bool b_priv );
 
-static int
-gnutls_Addx509Directory( vlc_object_t *p_this,
-                         gnutls_certificate_credentials_t cred,
-                         const char *psz_dirname,
-                         bool b_priv )
+static int gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate (vlc_tls_t *session, const char *host,
+                                        const char *service)
 {
-    DIR* dir;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
 
-    if( *psz_dirname == '\0' )
-        psz_dirname = ".";
+    int val = gnutls_ContinueHandshake (session, host, service);
+    if (val)
+        return val;
 
-    dir = utf8_opendir( psz_dirname );
-    if( dir == NULL )
-    {
-        if (errno != ENOENT)
-        {
-            msg_Err (p_this, "cannot open directory (%s): %m", psz_dirname);
-            return VLC_EGENERIC;
-        }
-
-        msg_Dbg (p_this, "creating empty certificate directory: %s",
-                 psz_dirname);
-        utf8_mkdir (psz_dirname, b_priv ? 0700 : 0755);
-        return VLC_SUCCESS;
-    }
-#ifdef S_ISLNK
-    else
-    {
-        struct stat st1, st2;
-        int fd = dirfd( dir );
-
-        /*
-         * Gets stats for the directory path, checks that it is not a
-         * symbolic link (to avoid possibly infinite recursion), and verifies
-         * that the inode is still the same, to avoid TOCTOU race condition.
-         */
-        if( ( fd == -1)
-         || fstat( fd, &st1 ) || utf8_lstat( psz_dirname, &st2 )
-         || S_ISLNK( st2.st_mode ) || ( st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino ) )
-        {
-            closedir( dir );
-            return VLC_EGENERIC;
-        }
-    }
-#endif
+    /* certificates chain verification */
+    unsigned status;
 
-    for (;;)
+    val = gnutls_certificate_verify_peers2 (sys->session, &status);
+    if (val)
     {
-        char *ent = utf8_readdir (dir);
-        if (ent == NULL)
-            break;
-
-        if ((strcmp (ent, ".") == 0) || (strcmp (ent, "..") == 0))
-            continue;
-
-        char path[strlen (psz_dirname) + strlen (ent) + 2];
-        sprintf (path, "%s"DIR_SEP"%s", psz_dirname, ent);
-        free (ent);
-
-        gnutls_Addx509File( p_this, cred, path, b_priv );
+        msg_Err (session, "Certificate verification error: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+        return -1;
     }
-
-    closedir( dir );
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static int
-gnutls_Addx509File( vlc_object_t *p_this,
-                    gnutls_certificate_credentials cred,
-                    const char *psz_path, bool b_priv )
-{
-    struct stat st;
-
-    if( utf8_stat( psz_path, &st ) == 0 )
+    if (status)
     {
-        if( S_ISREG( st.st_mode ) )
-        {
-            char *psz_localname = ToLocale( psz_path );
-            int i = b_priv
-                    ? gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file( cred,
-                    psz_localname,  psz_localname, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM )
-                : gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file( cred,
-                        psz_localname, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM );
-            LocaleFree( psz_localname );
-
-            if( i < 0 )
-            {
-                msg_Warn( p_this, "cannot add x509 credentials (%s): %s",
-                          psz_path, gnutls_strerror( i ) );
-                return VLC_EGENERIC;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                msg_Dbg( p_this, "added x509 credentials (%s)",
-                         psz_path );
-                return VLC_SUCCESS;
-            }
-        }
-        else if( S_ISDIR( st.st_mode ) )
-        {
-            msg_Dbg( p_this,
-                     "looking recursively for x509 credentials in %s",
-                     psz_path );
-            return gnutls_Addx509Directory( p_this, cred, psz_path, b_priv);
-        }
+        msg_Err (session, "Certificate verification failure (0x%04X)", status);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof (cert_errs) / sizeof (cert_errs[0]); i++)
+            if (status & cert_errs[i].flag)
+                msg_Err (session, " * %s", cert_errs[i].msg);
+        if (status & ~(GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID|GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND))
+            return -1;
     }
-    else
-        msg_Warn( p_this, "cannot add x509 credentials (%s): %m", psz_path );
-    return VLC_EGENERIC;
-}
-
-
-/** TLS client session data */
-typedef struct tls_client_sys_t
-{
-    struct tls_session_sys_t         session;
-    gnutls_certificate_credentials_t x509_cred;
-} tls_client_sys_t;
-
-
-/**
- * Initializes a client-side TLS session.
- */
-static int OpenClient (vlc_object_t *obj)
-{
-    tls_session_t *p_session = (tls_session_t *)obj;
-    int i_val;
 
-    if (gnutls_Init (obj))
-        return VLC_EGENERIC;
-
-    tls_client_sys_t *p_sys = malloc (sizeof (*p_sys));
-    if (p_sys == NULL)
+    /* certificate (host)name verification */
+    const gnutls_datum_t *data;
+    unsigned count;
+    data = gnutls_certificate_get_peers (sys->session, &count);
+    if (data == NULL || count == 0)
     {
-        gnutls_Deinit (obj);
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+        msg_Err (session, "Peer certificate not available");
+        return -1;
     }
+    msg_Dbg (session, "%u certificate(s) in the list", count);
 
-    p_session->p_sys = &p_sys->session;
-    p_session->sock.p_sys = p_session;
-    p_session->sock.pf_send = gnutls_Send;
-    p_session->sock.pf_recv = gnutls_Recv;
-    p_session->pf_set_fd = gnutls_SetFD;
-
-    p_sys->session.b_handshaked = false;
-
-    const char *homedir = obj->p_libvlc->psz_datadir,
-               *datadir = config_GetDataDir ();
-    size_t l1 = strlen (homedir), l2 = strlen (datadir);
-    char path[((l1 > l2) ? l1 : l2) + sizeof ("/ca-certificates.crt")];
-    //                              > sizeof ("/ssl/private")
-    //                              > sizeof ("/ssl/certs")
+    if (val || host == NULL)
+        return val;
+    if (status && gnutls_CertSearch (session, host, service, data))
+        return -1;
 
-    i_val = gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials (&p_sys->x509_cred);
-    if (i_val != 0)
+    gnutls_x509_crt_t cert;
+    val = gnutls_x509_crt_init (&cert);
+    if (val)
     {
-        msg_Err (obj, "cannot allocate X509 credentials: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror (i_val));
-        goto error;
+        msg_Err (session, "X.509 fatal error: %s", gnutls_strerror (val));
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    sprintf (path, "%s/ssl", homedir);
-    utf8_mkdir (path, 0755);
-
-    sprintf (path, "%s/ssl/certs", homedir);
-    gnutls_Addx509Directory (VLC_OBJECT (p_session),
-                             p_sys->x509_cred, path, false);
-
-    sprintf (path, "%s/ca-certificates.crt", datadir);
-    gnutls_Addx509File (VLC_OBJECT (p_session),
-                        p_sys->x509_cred, path, false);
-    p_session->pf_handshake = gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate;
-    /*p_session->pf_handshake = gnutls_ContinueHandshake;*/
-
-    sprintf (path, "%s/ssl/private", homedir);
-    gnutls_Addx509Directory (VLC_OBJECT (p_session), p_sys->x509_cred,
-                             path, true);
-
-    i_val = gnutls_init (&p_sys->session.session, GNUTLS_CLIENT);
-    if (i_val != 0)
+    val = gnutls_x509_crt_import (cert, data, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER);
+    if (val)
     {
-        msg_Err (obj, "cannot initialize TLS session: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror (i_val));
-        gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (p_sys->x509_cred);
+        msg_Err (session, "Certificate import error: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (gnutls_SessionPrioritize (VLC_OBJECT (p_session),
-                                  p_sys->session.session))
-        goto s_error;
-
-    /* minimum DH prime bits */
-    gnutls_dh_set_prime_bits (p_sys->session.session, 1024);
-
-    i_val = gnutls_credentials_set (p_sys->session.session,
-                                    GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
-                                    p_sys->x509_cred);
-    if (i_val < 0)
+    val = !gnutls_x509_crt_check_hostname (cert, host);
+    if (val)
     {
-        msg_Err (obj, "cannot set TLS session credentials: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror (i_val));
-        goto s_error;
+        msg_Err (session, "Certificate does not match \"%s\"", host);
+        val = gnutls_CertSearch (session, host, service, data);
     }
-
-    char *servername = var_GetNonEmptyString (p_session, "tls-server-name");
-    if (servername == NULL )
-        msg_Err (p_session, "server name missing for TLS session");
-
-    p_sys->session.psz_hostname = servername;
-    gnutls_server_name_set (p_sys->session.session, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
-                            servername, strlen (servername));
-
-    return VLC_SUCCESS;
-
-s_error:
-    gnutls_deinit (p_sys->session.session);
-    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (p_sys->x509_cred);
 error:
-    gnutls_Deinit (obj);
-    free (p_sys);
-    return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit (cert);
+    return val;
 }
 
-
-static void CloseClient (vlc_object_t *obj)
+static int
+gnutls_SessionPrioritize (vlc_object_t *obj, gnutls_session_t session)
 {
-    tls_session_t *client = (tls_session_t *)obj;
-    tls_client_sys_t *p_sys = (tls_client_sys_t *)(client->p_sys);
-
-    if (p_sys->session.b_handshaked == true)
-        gnutls_bye (p_sys->session.session, GNUTLS_SHUT_WR);
-    gnutls_deinit (p_sys->session.session);
-    /* credentials must be free'd *after* gnutls_deinit() */
-    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (p_sys->x509_cred);
-
-    gnutls_Deinit (obj);
-    free (p_sys->session.psz_hostname);
-    free (p_sys);
+    char *priorities = var_InheritString (obj, "gnutls-priorities");
+    if (unlikely(priorities == NULL))
+        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+
+    const char *errp;
+    int val = gnutls_priority_set_direct (session, priorities, &errp);
+    if (val < 0)
+    {
+        msg_Err (obj, "cannot set TLS priorities \"%s\": %s", errp,
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+        val = VLC_EGENERIC;
+    }
+    else
+        val = VLC_SUCCESS;
+    free (priorities);
+    return val;
 }
 
 
 /**
- * Server-side TLS
+ * TLS credentials private data
  */
-struct tls_server_sys_t
+struct vlc_tls_creds_sys
 {
     gnutls_certificate_credentials_t x509_cred;
-    gnutls_dh_params_t               dh_params;
-
-    struct saved_session_t          *p_cache;
-    struct saved_session_t          *p_store;
-    int                              i_cache_size;
-    vlc_mutex_t                      cache_lock;
-
-    int                            (*pf_handshake) (tls_session_t *);
+    gnutls_dh_params_t dh_params; /* XXX: used for server only */
+    int (*handshake) (vlc_tls_t *, const char *, const char *);
+        /* ^^ XXX: useful for server only */
 };
 
 
-/**
- * TLS session resumption callbacks (server-side)
- */
-#define MAX_SESSION_ID    32
-#define MAX_SESSION_DATA  1024
-
-typedef struct saved_session_t
-{
-    char id[MAX_SESSION_ID];
-    char data[MAX_SESSION_DATA];
-
-    unsigned i_idlen;
-    unsigned i_datalen;
-} saved_session_t;
-
-
-static int cb_store( void *p_server, gnutls_datum key, gnutls_datum data )
-{
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys = ((tls_server_t *)p_server)->p_sys;
-
-    if( ( p_sys->i_cache_size == 0 )
-     || ( key.size > MAX_SESSION_ID )
-     || ( data.size > MAX_SESSION_DATA ) )
-        return -1;
-
-    vlc_mutex_lock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    memcpy( p_sys->p_store->id, key.data, key.size);
-    memcpy( p_sys->p_store->data, data.data, data.size );
-    p_sys->p_store->i_idlen = key.size;
-    p_sys->p_store->i_datalen = data.size;
-
-    p_sys->p_store++;
-    if( ( p_sys->p_store - p_sys->p_cache ) == p_sys->i_cache_size )
-        p_sys->p_store = p_sys->p_cache;
-
-    vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-static gnutls_datum cb_fetch( void *p_server, gnutls_datum key )
-{
-    static const gnutls_datum_t err_datum = { NULL, 0 };
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys = ((tls_server_t *)p_server)->p_sys;
-    saved_session_t *p_session, *p_end;
-
-    p_session = p_sys->p_cache;
-    p_end = p_session + p_sys->i_cache_size;
-
-    vlc_mutex_lock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    while( p_session < p_end )
-    {
-        if( ( p_session->i_idlen == key.size )
-         && !memcmp( p_session->id, key.data, key.size ) )
-        {
-            gnutls_datum_t data;
-
-            data.size = p_session->i_datalen;
-
-            data.data = gnutls_malloc( data.size );
-            if( data.data == NULL )
-            {
-                vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-                return err_datum;
-            }
-
-            memcpy( data.data, p_session->data, data.size );
-            vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-            return data;
-        }
-        p_session++;
-    }
-
-    vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    return err_datum;
-}
-
-
-static int cb_delete( void *p_server, gnutls_datum key )
-{
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys = ((tls_server_t *)p_server)->p_sys;
-    saved_session_t *p_session, *p_end;
-
-    p_session = p_sys->p_cache;
-    p_end = p_session + p_sys->i_cache_size;
-
-    vlc_mutex_lock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    while( p_session < p_end )
-    {
-        if( ( p_session->i_idlen == key.size )
-         && !memcmp( p_session->id, key.data, key.size ) )
-        {
-            p_session->i_datalen = p_session->i_idlen = 0;
-            vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-            return 0;
-        }
-        p_session++;
-    }
-
-    vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->cache_lock );
-
-    return -1;
-}
-
-
 /**
  * Terminates TLS session and releases session data.
  * You still have to close the socket yourself.
  */
-static void
-gnutls_SessionClose (tls_server_t *p_server, tls_session_t *p_session)
+static void gnutls_SessionClose (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, vlc_tls_t *session)
 {
-    tls_session_sys_t *p_sys = p_session->p_sys;
-    (void)p_server;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
 
-    if( p_sys->b_handshaked == true )
-        gnutls_bye( p_sys->session, GNUTLS_SHUT_WR );
-    gnutls_deinit( p_sys->session );
+    if (sys->handshaked)
+        gnutls_bye (sys->session, GNUTLS_SHUT_WR);
+    gnutls_deinit (sys->session);
 
-    vlc_object_detach( p_session );
-    vlc_object_release( p_session );
-
-    free( p_sys );
+    free (sys);
+    (void) crd;
 }
 
 
 /**
  * Initializes a server-side TLS session.
  */
-static tls_session_t *
-gnutls_ServerSessionPrepare( tls_server_t *p_server )
+static int gnutls_SessionOpen (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, vlc_tls_t *session,
+                               int type, int fd)
 {
-    tls_session_t *p_session;
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_server_sys;
-    gnutls_session_t session;
-    int i_val;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = malloc (sizeof (*session->sys));
+    if (unlikely(sys == NULL))
+        return VLC_ENOMEM;
 
-    p_session = vlc_object_create( p_server, sizeof (struct tls_session_t) );
-    if( p_session == NULL )
-        return NULL;
+    session->sys = sys;
+    session->sock.p_sys = session;
+    session->sock.pf_send = gnutls_Send;
+    session->sock.pf_recv = gnutls_Recv;
+    session->handshake = crd->sys->handshake;
+    sys->handshaked = false;
 
-    p_session->p_sys = malloc( sizeof(struct tls_session_sys_t) );
-    if( p_session->p_sys == NULL )
+    int val = gnutls_init (&sys->session, type);
+    if (val != 0)
     {
-        vlc_object_release( p_session );
-        return NULL;
+        msg_Err (session, "cannot initialize TLS session: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+        free (sys);
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
     }
 
-    p_server_sys = p_server->p_sys;
-    p_session->sock.p_sys = p_session;
-    p_session->sock.pf_send = gnutls_Send;
-    p_session->sock.pf_recv = gnutls_Recv;
-    p_session->pf_set_fd = gnutls_SetFD;
-    p_session->pf_handshake = p_server_sys->pf_handshake;
-
-    p_session->p_sys->b_handshaked = false;
-    p_session->p_sys->psz_hostname = NULL;
+    if (gnutls_SessionPrioritize (VLC_OBJECT (crd), sys->session))
+        goto error;
 
-    i_val = gnutls_init( &session, GNUTLS_SERVER );
-    if( i_val != 0 )
+    val = gnutls_credentials_set (sys->session, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
+                                  crd->sys->x509_cred);
+    if (val < 0)
     {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot initialize TLS session: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( i_val ) );
+        msg_Err (session, "cannot set TLS session credentials: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
         goto error;
     }
 
-    p_session->p_sys->session = session;
+    gnutls_transport_set_ptr (sys->session,
+                              (gnutls_transport_ptr_t)(intptr_t)fd);
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
 
-    if (gnutls_SessionPrioritize (VLC_OBJECT (p_session), session))
-    {
-        gnutls_deinit( session );
-        goto error;
-    }
+error:
+    gnutls_SessionClose (crd, session);
+    return VLC_EGENERIC;
+}
 
-    i_val = gnutls_credentials_set( session, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
-                                    p_server_sys->x509_cred );
-    if( i_val < 0 )
-    {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot set TLS session credentials: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( i_val ) );
-        gnutls_deinit( session );
-        goto error;
-    }
+static int gnutls_ServerSessionOpen (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, vlc_tls_t *session,
+                                     int fd, const char *hostname)
+{
+    int val = gnutls_SessionOpen (crd, session, GNUTLS_SERVER, fd);
+    if (val != VLC_SUCCESS)
+        return val;
 
-    if (p_session->pf_handshake == gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate)
-        gnutls_certificate_server_set_request (session, GNUTLS_CERT_REQUIRE);
+    if (session->handshake == gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate)
+        gnutls_certificate_server_set_request (session->sys->session,
+                                               GNUTLS_CERT_REQUIRE);
+    assert (hostname == NULL);
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
+}
 
-    /* Session resumption support */
-    i_val = config_GetInt (p_server, "gnutls-cache-timeout");
-    gnutls_db_set_cache_expiration (session, i_val);
-    gnutls_db_set_retrieve_function( session, cb_fetch );
-    gnutls_db_set_remove_function( session, cb_delete );
-    gnutls_db_set_store_function( session, cb_store );
-    gnutls_db_set_ptr( session, p_server );
+static int gnutls_ClientSessionOpen (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, vlc_tls_t *session,
+                                     int fd, const char *hostname)
+{
+    int val = gnutls_SessionOpen (crd, session, GNUTLS_CLIENT, fd);
+    if (val != VLC_SUCCESS)
+        return val;
 
-    return p_session;
+    vlc_tls_sys_t *sys = session->sys;
 
-error:
-    free( p_session->p_sys );
-    vlc_object_detach( p_session );
-    vlc_object_release( p_session );
-    return NULL;
+    /* minimum DH prime bits */
+    gnutls_dh_set_prime_bits (sys->session, 1024);
+
+    if (likely(hostname != NULL))
+        /* fill Server Name Indication */
+        gnutls_server_name_set (sys->session, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
+                                hostname, strlen (hostname));
+
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 
 /**
- * Adds one or more certificate authorities.
+ * Adds one or more Certificate Authorities to the trusted set.
  *
- * @param psz_ca_path (Unicode) path to an x509 certificates list.
+ * @param path (UTF-8) path to an X.509 certificates list.
  *
  * @return -1 on error, 0 on success.
  */
-static int
-gnutls_ServerAddCA( tls_server_t *p_server, const char *psz_ca_path )
+static int gnutls_AddCA (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, const char *path)
 {
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys;
-    char *psz_local_path;
-    int val;
+    block_t *block = block_FilePath (path);
+    if (block == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot read trusted CA from %s: %m", path);
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    }
 
-    p_sys = (tls_server_sys_t *)(p_server->p_sys);
+    gnutls_datum_t d = {
+       .data = block->p_buffer,
+       .size = block->i_buffer,
+    };
 
-    psz_local_path = ToLocale( psz_ca_path );
-    val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file( p_sys->x509_cred,
-                                                  psz_local_path,
-                                                  GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM );
-    LocaleFree( psz_local_path );
-    if( val < 0 )
+    int val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_mem (crd->sys->x509_cred, &d,
+                                                     GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
+    block_Release (block);
+    if (val < 0)
     {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot add trusted CA (%s): %s", psz_ca_path,
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot load trusted CA from %s: %s", path,
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
         return VLC_EGENERIC;
     }
-    msg_Dbg( p_server, " %d trusted CA added (%s)", val, psz_ca_path );
+    msg_Dbg (crd, " %d trusted CA%s added from %s", val, (val != 1) ? "s" : "",
+             path);
 
     /* enables peer's certificate verification */
-    p_sys->pf_handshake = gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate;
-
+    crd->sys->handshake = gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate;
     return VLC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 
 /**
- * Adds a certificates revocation list to be sent to TLS clients.
+ * Adds a Certificates Revocation List to be sent to TLS clients.
  *
- * @param psz_crl_path (Unicode) path of the CRL file.
+ * @param path (UTF-8) path of the CRL file.
  *
  * @return -1 on error, 0 on success.
  */
-static int
-gnutls_ServerAddCRL( tls_server_t *p_server, const char *psz_crl_path )
+static int gnutls_AddCRL (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, const char *path)
 {
-    int val;
-    char *psz_local_path = ToLocale( psz_crl_path );
-
-    val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_crl_file( ((tls_server_sys_t *)
-                                                (p_server->p_sys))->x509_cred,
-                                                psz_local_path,
-                                                GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM );
-    LocaleFree( psz_crl_path );
-    if( val < 0 )
+    block_t *block = block_FilePath (path);
+    if (block == NULL)
     {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot add CRL (%s): %s", psz_crl_path,
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot read CRL from %s: %m", path);
         return VLC_EGENERIC;
     }
-    msg_Dbg( p_server, "%d CRL added (%s)", val, psz_crl_path );
+
+    gnutls_datum_t d = {
+       .data = block->p_buffer,
+       .size = block->i_buffer,
+    };
+
+    int val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_crl_mem (crd->sys->x509_cred, &d,
+                                                   GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
+    block_Release (block);
+    if (val < 0)
+    {
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot add CRL (%s): %s", path, gnutls_strerror (val));
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    }
+    msg_Dbg (crd, "%d CRL%s added from %s", val, (val != 1) ? "s" : "", path);
     return VLC_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -1089,75 +630,72 @@ gnutls_ServerAddCRL( tls_server_t *p_server, const char *psz_crl_path )
 /**
  * Allocates a whole server's TLS credentials.
  */
-static int OpenServer (vlc_object_t *obj)
+static int OpenServer (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd, const char *cert, const char *key)
 {
-    tls_server_t *p_server = (tls_server_t *)obj;
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys;
     int val;
 
-    if (gnutls_Init (obj))
+    if (gnutls_Init (VLC_OBJECT(crd)))
         return VLC_EGENERIC;
 
-    msg_Dbg (obj, "creating TLS server");
+    vlc_tls_creds_sys_t *sys = malloc (sizeof (*sys));
+    if (unlikely(sys == NULL))
+        goto error;
 
-    p_sys = (tls_server_sys_t *)malloc( sizeof(struct tls_server_sys_t) );
-    if( p_sys == NULL )
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+    crd->sys     = sys;
+    crd->add_CA  = gnutls_AddCA;
+    crd->add_CRL = gnutls_AddCRL;
+    crd->open    = gnutls_ServerSessionOpen;
+    crd->close   = gnutls_SessionClose;
+    /* No certificate validation by default */
+    sys->handshake  = gnutls_ContinueHandshake;
 
-    p_sys->i_cache_size = config_GetInt (obj, "gnutls-cache-size");
-    p_sys->p_cache = calloc (p_sys->i_cache_size,
-                             sizeof (struct saved_session_t));
-    if (p_sys->p_cache == NULL)
+    /* Sets server's credentials */
+    val = gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials (&sys->x509_cred);
+    if (val != 0)
     {
-        free (p_sys);
-        return VLC_ENOMEM;
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot allocate credentials: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+        goto error;
     }
 
-    p_sys->p_store = p_sys->p_cache;
-    p_server->p_sys = p_sys;
-    p_server->pf_add_CA  = gnutls_ServerAddCA;
-    p_server->pf_add_CRL = gnutls_ServerAddCRL;
-    p_server->pf_open    = gnutls_ServerSessionPrepare;
-    p_server->pf_close   = gnutls_SessionClose;
-
-    /* No certificate validation by default */
-    p_sys->pf_handshake  = gnutls_ContinueHandshake;
-
-    vlc_mutex_init( p_server, &p_sys->cache_lock );
+    block_t *certblock = block_FilePath (cert);
+    if (certblock == NULL)
+    {
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot read certificate chain from %s: %m", cert);
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+    }
 
-    /* Sets server's credentials */
-    val = gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials( &p_sys->x509_cred );
-    if( val != 0 )
+    block_t *keyblock = block_FilePath (key);
+    if (keyblock == NULL)
     {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot allocate X509 credentials: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
-        goto error;
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot read private key from %s: %m", key);
+        block_Release (certblock);
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
     }
 
-    char *psz_cert_path = var_GetNonEmptyString (obj, "tls-x509-cert");
-    char *psz_key_path = var_GetNonEmptyString (obj, "tls-x509-key");
-    const char *psz_local_cert = ToLocale (psz_cert_path);
-    const char *psz_local_key = ToLocale (psz_key_path);
-    val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file (p_sys->x509_cred,
-                                                psz_local_cert, psz_local_key,
-                                                GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM );
-    LocaleFree (psz_local_key);
-    free (psz_key_path);
-    LocaleFree (psz_local_cert);
-    free (psz_cert_path);
-
-    if( val < 0 )
+    gnutls_datum_t pub = {
+       .data = certblock->p_buffer,
+       .size = certblock->i_buffer,
+    }, priv = {
+       .data = keyblock->p_buffer,
+       .size = keyblock->i_buffer,
+    };
+
+    val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_mem (sys->x509_cred, &pub, &priv,
+                                                GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
+    block_Release (keyblock);
+    block_Release (certblock);
+    if (val < 0)
     {
-        msg_Err( p_server, "cannot set certificate chain or private key: %s",
-                 gnutls_strerror( val ) );
-        gnutls_certificate_free_credentials( p_sys->x509_cred );
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot load X.509 key: %s", gnutls_strerror (val));
+        gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (sys->x509_cred);
         goto error;
     }
 
     /* FIXME:
-     * - support other ciper suites
+     * - support other cipher suites
      */
-    val = gnutls_dh_params_init (&p_sys->dh_params);
+    val = gnutls_dh_params_init (&sys->dh_params);
     if (val >= 0)
     {
         const gnutls_datum_t data = {
@@ -1165,41 +703,91 @@ static int OpenServer (vlc_object_t *obj)
             .size = sizeof (dh_params) - 1,
         };
 
-        val = gnutls_dh_params_import_pkcs3 (p_sys->dh_params, &data,
+        val = gnutls_dh_params_import_pkcs3 (sys->dh_params, &data,
                                              GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
         if (val == 0)
-            gnutls_certificate_set_dh_params (p_sys->x509_cred,
-                                              p_sys->dh_params);
+            gnutls_certificate_set_dh_params (sys->x509_cred,
+                                              sys->dh_params);
     }
     if (val < 0)
     {
-        msg_Err (p_server, "cannot initialize DHE cipher suites: %s",
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot initialize DHE cipher suites: %s",
                  gnutls_strerror (val));
     }
 
     return VLC_SUCCESS;
 
 error:
-    vlc_mutex_destroy (&p_sys->cache_lock);
-    free (p_sys->p_cache);
-    free (p_sys);
+    free (sys);
+    gnutls_Deinit (VLC_OBJECT(crd));
     return VLC_EGENERIC;
 }
 
 /**
  * Destroys a TLS server object.
  */
-static void CloseServer (vlc_object_t *p_server)
+static void CloseServer (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd)
 {
-    tls_server_sys_t *p_sys = ((tls_server_t *)p_server)->p_sys;
-
-    vlc_mutex_destroy (&p_sys->cache_lock);
-    free (p_sys->p_cache);
+    vlc_tls_creds_sys_t *sys = crd->sys;
 
     /* all sessions depending on the server are now deinitialized */
-    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (p_sys->x509_cred);
-    gnutls_dh_params_deinit (p_sys->dh_params);
-    free (p_sys);
+    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (sys->x509_cred);
+    gnutls_dh_params_deinit (sys->dh_params);
+    free (sys);
+
+    gnutls_Deinit (VLC_OBJECT(crd));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a client-side TLS credentials.
+ */
+static int OpenClient (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd)
+{
+    if (gnutls_Init (VLC_OBJECT(crd)))
+        return VLC_EGENERIC;
+
+    vlc_tls_creds_sys_t *sys = malloc (sizeof (*sys));
+    if (unlikely(sys == NULL))
+        goto error;
+
+    crd->sys = sys;
+    //crd->add_CA = gnutls_AddCA;
+    //crd->add_CRL = gnutls_AddCRL;
+    crd->open = gnutls_ClientSessionOpen;
+    crd->close = gnutls_SessionClose;
+    sys->handshake = gnutls_HandshakeAndValidate;
+
+    int val = gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials (&sys->x509_cred);
+    if (val != 0)
+    {
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot allocate credentials: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    val = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_system_trust (sys->x509_cred);
+    if (val < 0)
+        msg_Err (crd, "cannot load trusted Certificate Authorities: %s",
+                 gnutls_strerror (val));
+    else
+        msg_Dbg (crd, "loaded %d trusted CAs", val);
+
+    gnutls_certificate_set_verify_flags (sys->x509_cred,
+                                         GNUTLS_VERIFY_ALLOW_X509_V1_CA_CRT);
+
+    return VLC_SUCCESS;
+error:
+    free (sys);
+    gnutls_Deinit (VLC_OBJECT(crd));
+    return VLC_EGENERIC;
+}
+
+static void CloseClient (vlc_tls_creds_t *crd)
+{
+    vlc_tls_creds_sys_t *sys = crd->sys;
+
+    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (sys->x509_cred);
+    free (sys);
 
-    gnutls_Deinit (p_server);
+    gnutls_Deinit (VLC_OBJECT(crd));
 }