]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - nageru/quicksync_encoder.cpp
Move everything into a separate futatabi/ subdir, for the upcoming merge with Futatabi.
[nageru] / nageru / quicksync_encoder.cpp
diff --git a/nageru/quicksync_encoder.cpp b/nageru/quicksync_encoder.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5200ce6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2183 @@
+#include "quicksync_encoder.h"
+
+#include <movit/image_format.h>
+#include <movit/resource_pool.h>  // Must be above the Xlib includes.
+#include <movit/util.h>
+
+#include <EGL/eglplatform.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <epoxy/egl.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <va/va.h>
+#include <va/va_drm.h>
+#include <va/va_drmcommon.h>
+#include <va/va_enc_h264.h>
+#include <va/va_x11.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+extern "C" {
+
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+#include <libavformat/avio.h>
+#include <libavutil/error.h>
+#include <libdrm/drm_fourcc.h>
+
+}  // namespace
+
+#include "audio_encoder.h"
+#include "context.h"
+#include "defs.h"
+#include "disk_space_estimator.h"
+#include "ffmpeg_raii.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "mux.h"
+#include "print_latency.h"
+#include "quicksync_encoder_impl.h"
+#include "ref_counted_frame.h"
+#include "timebase.h"
+#include "x264_encoder.h"
+
+using namespace movit;
+using namespace std;
+using namespace std::chrono;
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+class QOpenGLContext;
+class QSurface;
+
+namespace {
+
+// These need to survive several QuickSyncEncoderImpl instances,
+// so they are outside.
+once_flag quick_sync_metrics_inited;
+LatencyHistogram mixer_latency_histogram, qs_latency_histogram;
+MuxMetrics current_file_mux_metrics, total_mux_metrics;
+std::atomic<double> metric_current_file_start_time_seconds{0.0 / 0.0};
+std::atomic<int64_t> metric_quick_sync_stalled_frames{0};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+#define CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, func)                                 \
+    if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {                               \
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d (%s) failed with %d\n", __func__, __LINE__, func, va_status); \
+        exit(1);                                                        \
+    }
+
+#undef BUFFER_OFFSET
+#define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)NULL + (i))
+
+//#include "loadsurface.h"
+
+#define NAL_REF_IDC_NONE        0
+#define NAL_REF_IDC_LOW         1
+#define NAL_REF_IDC_MEDIUM      2
+#define NAL_REF_IDC_HIGH        3
+
+#define NAL_NON_IDR             1
+#define NAL_IDR                 5
+#define NAL_SPS                 7
+#define NAL_PPS                 8
+#define NAL_SEI                        6
+
+#define SLICE_TYPE_P            0
+#define SLICE_TYPE_B            1
+#define SLICE_TYPE_I            2
+#define IS_P_SLICE(type) (SLICE_TYPE_P == (type))
+#define IS_B_SLICE(type) (SLICE_TYPE_B == (type))
+#define IS_I_SLICE(type) (SLICE_TYPE_I == (type))
+
+
+#define ENTROPY_MODE_CAVLC      0
+#define ENTROPY_MODE_CABAC      1
+
+#define PROFILE_IDC_BASELINE    66
+#define PROFILE_IDC_MAIN        77
+#define PROFILE_IDC_HIGH        100
+   
+#define BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING     4096
+
+static constexpr unsigned int MaxFrameNum = (2<<16);
+static constexpr unsigned int MaxPicOrderCntLsb = (2<<8);
+static constexpr unsigned int Log2MaxFrameNum = 16;
+static constexpr unsigned int Log2MaxPicOrderCntLsb = 8;
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// Supposedly vaRenderPicture() is supposed to destroy the buffer implicitly,
+// but if we don't delete it here, we get leaks. The GStreamer implementation
+// does the same.
+static void render_picture_and_delete(VADisplay dpy, VAContextID context, VABufferID *buffers, int num_buffers)
+{
+    VAStatus va_status = vaRenderPicture(dpy, context, buffers, num_buffers);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaRenderPicture");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_buffers; ++i) {
+        va_status = vaDestroyBuffer(dpy, buffers[i]);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroyBuffer");
+    }
+}
+
+static unsigned int 
+va_swap32(unsigned int val)
+{
+    unsigned char *pval = (unsigned char *)&val;
+
+    return ((pval[0] << 24)     |
+            (pval[1] << 16)     |
+            (pval[2] << 8)      |
+            (pval[3] << 0));
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_start(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    bs->max_size_in_dword = BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING;
+    bs->buffer = (unsigned int *)calloc(bs->max_size_in_dword * sizeof(int), 1);
+    bs->bit_offset = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_end(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int pos = (bs->bit_offset >> 5);
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x1f);
+    int bit_left = 32 - bit_offset;
+
+    if (bit_offset) {
+        bs->buffer[pos] = va_swap32((bs->buffer[pos] << bit_left));
+    }
+}
+static void
+bitstream_put_ui(bitstream *bs, unsigned int val, int size_in_bits)
+{
+    int pos = (bs->bit_offset >> 5);
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x1f);
+    int bit_left = 32 - bit_offset;
+
+    if (!size_in_bits)
+        return;
+
+    bs->bit_offset += size_in_bits;
+
+    if (bit_left > size_in_bits) {
+        bs->buffer[pos] = (bs->buffer[pos] << size_in_bits | val);
+    } else {
+        size_in_bits -= bit_left;
+        if (bit_left >= 32) {
+            bs->buffer[pos] = (val >> size_in_bits);
+        } else {
+            bs->buffer[pos] = (bs->buffer[pos] << bit_left) | (val >> size_in_bits);
+        }
+        bs->buffer[pos] = va_swap32(bs->buffer[pos]);
+
+        if (pos + 1 == bs->max_size_in_dword) {
+            bs->max_size_in_dword += BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING;
+            bs->buffer = (unsigned int *)realloc(bs->buffer, bs->max_size_in_dword * sizeof(unsigned int));
+        }
+
+        bs->buffer[pos + 1] = val;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_put_ue(bitstream *bs, unsigned int val)
+{
+    int size_in_bits = 0;
+    int tmp_val = ++val;
+
+    while (tmp_val) {
+        tmp_val >>= 1;
+        size_in_bits++;
+    }
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, size_in_bits - 1); // leading zero
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, val, size_in_bits);
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_put_se(bitstream *bs, int val)
+{
+    unsigned int new_val;
+
+    if (val <= 0)
+        new_val = -2 * val;
+    else
+        new_val = 2 * val - 1;
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, new_val);
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_byte_aligning(bitstream *bs, int bit)
+{
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x7);
+    int bit_left = 8 - bit_offset;
+    int new_val;
+
+    if (!bit_offset)
+        return;
+
+    assert(bit == 0 || bit == 1);
+
+    if (bit)
+        new_val = (1 << bit_left) - 1;
+    else
+        new_val = 0;
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, new_val, bit_left);
+}
+
+static void 
+rbsp_trailing_bits(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1);
+    bitstream_byte_aligning(bs, 0);
+}
+
+static void nal_start_code_prefix(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0x00000001, 32);
+}
+
+static void nal_header(bitstream *bs, int nal_ref_idc, int nal_unit_type)
+{
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                /* forbidden_zero_bit: 0 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, nal_ref_idc, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, nal_unit_type, 5);
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::sps_rbsp(YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients, bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int profile_idc = PROFILE_IDC_BASELINE;
+
+    if (h264_profile  == VAProfileH264High)
+        profile_idc = PROFILE_IDC_HIGH;
+    else if (h264_profile  == VAProfileH264Main)
+        profile_idc = PROFILE_IDC_MAIN;
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, profile_idc, 8);               /* profile_idc */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, !!(constraint_set_flag & 1), 1);                         /* constraint_set0_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, !!(constraint_set_flag & 2), 1);                         /* constraint_set1_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, !!(constraint_set_flag & 4), 1);                         /* constraint_set2_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, !!(constraint_set_flag & 8), 1);                         /* constraint_set3_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 4);                         /* reserved_zero_4bits */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param.level_idc, 8);      /* level_idc */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.seq_parameter_set_id);      /* seq_parameter_set_id */
+
+    if ( profile_idc == PROFILE_IDC_HIGH) {
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, 1);        /* chroma_format_idc = 1, 4:2:0 */ 
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, 0);        /* bit_depth_luma_minus8 */
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, 0);        /* bit_depth_chroma_minus8 */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);     /* qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);     /* seq_scaling_matrix_present_flag */
+    }
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_frame_num_minus4); /* log2_max_frame_num_minus4 */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.pic_order_cnt_type);        /* pic_order_cnt_type */
+
+    if (seq_param.seq_fields.bits.pic_order_cnt_type == 0)
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4);     /* log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 */
+    else {
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.max_num_ref_frames);        /* num_ref_frames */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                                 /* gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed_flag */
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.picture_width_in_mbs - 1);  /* pic_width_in_mbs_minus1 */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.picture_height_in_mbs - 1); /* pic_height_in_map_units_minus1 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.frame_mbs_only_flag, 1);    /* frame_mbs_only_flag */
+
+    if (!seq_param.seq_fields.bits.frame_mbs_only_flag) {
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.direct_8x8_inference_flag, 1);      /* direct_8x8_inference_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param.frame_cropping_flag, 1);            /* frame_cropping_flag */
+
+    if (seq_param.frame_cropping_flag) {
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.frame_crop_left_offset);        /* frame_crop_left_offset */
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.frame_crop_right_offset);       /* frame_crop_right_offset */
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.frame_crop_top_offset);         /* frame_crop_top_offset */
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, seq_param.frame_crop_bottom_offset);      /* frame_crop_bottom_offset */
+    }
+    
+    //if ( frame_bit_rate < 0 ) { //TODO EW: the vui header isn't correct
+    if ( false ) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* vui_parameters_present_flag */
+    } else {
+        // See H.264 annex E for the definition of this header.
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* vui_parameters_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* aspect_ratio_info_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* overscan_info_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* video_signal_type_present_flag */
+        {
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 5, 3);  /* video_format (5 = Unspecified) */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);  /* video_full_range_flag */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1);  /* colour_description_present_flag */
+            {
+                bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 8);  /* colour_primaries (1 = BT.709) */
+                bitstream_put_ui(bs, 13, 8);  /* transfer_characteristics (13 = sRGB) */
+                if (ycbcr_coefficients == YCBCR_REC_709) {
+                    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 8);  /* matrix_coefficients (1 = BT.709) */
+                } else {
+                    assert(ycbcr_coefficients == YCBCR_REC_601);
+                    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 6, 8);  /* matrix_coefficients (6 = BT.601/SMPTE 170M) */
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* chroma_loc_info_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* timing_info_present_flag */
+        {
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 32);  // FPS
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, TIMEBASE * 2, 32);  // FPS
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1);
+        }
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* nal_hrd_parameters_present_flag */
+        {
+            // hrd_parameters 
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, 0);    /* cpb_cnt_minus1 */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 4, 4); /* bit_rate_scale */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 6, 4); /* cpb_size_scale */
+           
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, frame_bitrate - 1); /* bit_rate_value_minus1[0] */
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, frame_bitrate*8 - 1); /* cpb_size_value_minus1[0] */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1);  /* cbr_flag[0] */
+
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 23, 5);   /* initial_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1 */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 23, 5);   /* cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1 */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 23, 5);   /* dpb_output_delay_length_minus1 */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, 23, 5);   /* time_offset_length  */
+        }
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);   /* vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);   /* low_delay_hrd_flag */ 
+
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* pic_struct_present_flag */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* bitstream_restriction_flag */
+    }
+
+    rbsp_trailing_bits(bs);     /* rbsp_trailing_bits */
+}
+
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::pps_rbsp(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, pic_param.pic_parameter_set_id);      /* pic_parameter_set_id */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, pic_param.seq_parameter_set_id);      /* seq_parameter_set_id */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.pic_fields.bits.entropy_coding_mode_flag, 1);  /* entropy_coding_mode_flag */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                         /* pic_order_present_flag: 0 */
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, 0);                            /* num_slice_groups_minus1 */
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, pic_param.num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1);      /* num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1 */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, pic_param.num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1);      /* num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1 1 */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.pic_fields.bits.weighted_pred_flag, 1);     /* weighted_pred_flag: 0 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.pic_fields.bits.weighted_bipred_idc, 2);    /* weighted_bipred_idc: 0 */
+
+    bitstream_put_se(bs, pic_param.pic_init_qp - 26);  /* pic_init_qp_minus26 */
+    bitstream_put_se(bs, 0);                            /* pic_init_qs_minus26 */
+    bitstream_put_se(bs, 0);                            /* chroma_qp_index_offset */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.pic_fields.bits.deblocking_filter_control_present_flag, 1); /* deblocking_filter_control_present_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                         /* constrained_intra_pred_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                         /* redundant_pic_cnt_present_flag */
+    
+    /* more_rbsp_data */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.pic_fields.bits.transform_8x8_mode_flag, 1);    /*transform_8x8_mode_flag */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);                         /* pic_scaling_matrix_present_flag */
+    bitstream_put_se(bs, pic_param.second_chroma_qp_index_offset );    /*second_chroma_qp_index_offset */
+
+    rbsp_trailing_bits(bs);
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::slice_header(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int first_mb_in_slice = slice_param.macroblock_address;
+
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, first_mb_in_slice);        /* first_mb_in_slice: 0 */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.slice_type);   /* slice_type */
+    bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.pic_parameter_set_id);        /* pic_parameter_set_id: 0 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.frame_num, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_frame_num_minus4 + 4); /* frame_num */
+
+    /* frame_mbs_only_flag == 1 */
+    if (!seq_param.seq_fields.bits.frame_mbs_only_flag) {
+        /* FIXME: */
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.idr_pic_flag)
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.idr_pic_id);          /* idr_pic_id: 0 */
+
+    if (seq_param.seq_fields.bits.pic_order_cnt_type == 0) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param.CurrPic.TopFieldOrderCnt, seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 + 4);
+        /* pic_order_present_flag == 0 */
+    } else {
+        /* FIXME: */
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    /* redundant_pic_cnt_present_flag == 0 */
+    /* slice type */
+    if (IS_P_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type)) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, slice_param.num_ref_idx_active_override_flag, 1);            /* num_ref_idx_active_override_flag: */
+
+        if (slice_param.num_ref_idx_active_override_flag)
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1);
+
+        /* ref_pic_list_reordering */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);            /* ref_pic_list_reordering_flag_l0: 0 */
+    } else if (IS_B_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type)) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, slice_param.direct_spatial_mv_pred_flag, 1);            /* direct_spatial_mv_pred: 1 */
+
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, slice_param.num_ref_idx_active_override_flag, 1);       /* num_ref_idx_active_override_flag: */
+
+        if (slice_param.num_ref_idx_active_override_flag) {
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1);
+            bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1);
+        }
+
+        /* ref_pic_list_reordering */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);            /* ref_pic_list_reordering_flag_l0: 0 */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1);            /* ref_pic_list_reordering_flag_l1: 0 */
+    }
+
+    if ((pic_param.pic_fields.bits.weighted_pred_flag &&
+         IS_P_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type)) ||
+        ((pic_param.pic_fields.bits.weighted_bipred_idc == 1) &&
+         IS_B_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type))) {
+        /* FIXME: fill weight/offset table */
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    /* dec_ref_pic_marking */
+    if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.reference_pic_flag) {     /* nal_ref_idc != 0 */
+        unsigned char no_output_of_prior_pics_flag = 0;
+        unsigned char long_term_reference_flag = 0;
+        unsigned char adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag = 0;
+
+        if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.idr_pic_flag) {
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, no_output_of_prior_pics_flag, 1);            /* no_output_of_prior_pics_flag: 0 */
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, long_term_reference_flag, 1);            /* long_term_reference_flag: 0 */
+        } else {
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag, 1);            /* adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag: 0 */
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.entropy_coding_mode_flag &&
+        !IS_I_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type))
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.cabac_init_idc);               /* cabac_init_idc: 0 */
+
+    bitstream_put_se(bs, slice_param.slice_qp_delta);                   /* slice_qp_delta: 0 */
+
+    /* ignore for SP/SI */
+
+    if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.deblocking_filter_control_present_flag) {
+        bitstream_put_ue(bs, slice_param.disable_deblocking_filter_idc);           /* disable_deblocking_filter_idc: 0 */
+
+        if (slice_param.disable_deblocking_filter_idc != 1) {
+            bitstream_put_se(bs, slice_param.slice_alpha_c0_offset_div2);          /* slice_alpha_c0_offset_div2: 2 */
+            bitstream_put_se(bs, slice_param.slice_beta_offset_div2);              /* slice_beta_offset_div2: 2 */
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pic_param.pic_fields.bits.entropy_coding_mode_flag) {
+        bitstream_byte_aligning(bs, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::build_packed_pic_buffer(unsigned char **header_buffer)
+{
+    bitstream bs;
+
+    bitstream_start(&bs);
+    nal_start_code_prefix(&bs);
+    nal_header(&bs, NAL_REF_IDC_HIGH, NAL_PPS);
+    pps_rbsp(&bs);
+    bitstream_end(&bs);
+
+    *header_buffer = (unsigned char *)bs.buffer;
+    return bs.bit_offset;
+}
+
+int
+QuickSyncEncoderImpl::build_packed_seq_buffer(YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients, unsigned char **header_buffer)
+{
+    bitstream bs;
+
+    bitstream_start(&bs);
+    nal_start_code_prefix(&bs);
+    nal_header(&bs, NAL_REF_IDC_HIGH, NAL_SPS);
+    sps_rbsp(ycbcr_coefficients, &bs);
+    bitstream_end(&bs);
+
+    *header_buffer = (unsigned char *)bs.buffer;
+    return bs.bit_offset;
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::build_packed_slice_buffer(unsigned char **header_buffer)
+{
+    bitstream bs;
+    int is_idr = !!pic_param.pic_fields.bits.idr_pic_flag;
+    int is_ref = !!pic_param.pic_fields.bits.reference_pic_flag;
+
+    bitstream_start(&bs);
+    nal_start_code_prefix(&bs);
+
+    if (IS_I_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type)) {
+        nal_header(&bs, NAL_REF_IDC_HIGH, is_idr ? NAL_IDR : NAL_NON_IDR);
+    } else if (IS_P_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type)) {
+        nal_header(&bs, NAL_REF_IDC_MEDIUM, NAL_NON_IDR);
+    } else {
+        assert(IS_B_SLICE(slice_param.slice_type));
+        nal_header(&bs, is_ref ? NAL_REF_IDC_LOW : NAL_REF_IDC_NONE, NAL_NON_IDR);
+    }
+
+    slice_header(&bs);
+    bitstream_end(&bs);
+
+    *header_buffer = (unsigned char *)bs.buffer;
+    return bs.bit_offset;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Assume frame sequence is: Frame#0, #1, #2, ..., #M, ..., #X, ... (encoding order)
+  1) period between Frame #X and Frame #N = #X - #N
+  2) 0 means infinite for intra_period/intra_idr_period, and 0 is invalid for ip_period
+  3) intra_idr_period % intra_period (intra_period > 0) and intra_period % ip_period must be 0
+  4) intra_period and intra_idr_period take precedence over ip_period
+  5) if ip_period > 1, intra_period and intra_idr_period are not  the strict periods 
+     of I/IDR frames, see bellow examples
+  -------------------------------------------------------------------
+  intra_period intra_idr_period ip_period frame sequence (intra_period/intra_idr_period/ip_period)
+  0            ignored          1          IDRPPPPPPP ...     (No IDR/I any more)
+  0            ignored        >=2          IDR(PBB)(PBB)...   (No IDR/I any more)
+  1            0                ignored    IDRIIIIIII...      (No IDR any more)
+  1            1                ignored    IDR IDR IDR IDR...
+  1            >=2              ignored    IDRII IDRII IDR... (1/3/ignore)
+  >=2          0                1          IDRPPP IPPP I...   (3/0/1)
+  >=2          0              >=2          IDR(PBB)(PBB)(IBB) (6/0/3)
+                                              (PBB)(IBB)(PBB)(IBB)... 
+  >=2          >=2              1          IDRPPPPP IPPPPP IPPPPP (6/18/1)
+                                           IDRPPPPP IPPPPP IPPPPP...
+  >=2          >=2              >=2        {IDR(PBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)} (6/18/3)
+                                           {IDR(PBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)}...
+                                           {IDR(PBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)}           (6/12/3)
+                                           {IDR(PBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB)}...
+                                           {IDR(PBB)(PBB)}                     (6/6/3)
+                                           {IDR(PBB)(PBB)}.
+*/
+
+// General pts/dts strategy:
+//
+// Getting pts and dts right with variable frame rate (VFR) and B-frames can be a
+// bit tricky. We assume first of all that the frame rate never goes _above_
+// MAX_FPS, which gives us a frame period N. The decoder can always decode
+// in at least this speed, as long at dts <= pts (the frame is not attempted
+// presented before it is decoded). Furthermore, we never have longer chains of
+// B-frames than a fixed constant C. (In a B-frame chain, we say that the base
+// I/P-frame has order O=0, the B-frame depending on it directly has order O=1,
+// etc. The last frame in the chain, which no B-frames depend on, is the “tip”
+// frame, with an order O <= C.)
+//
+// Many strategies are possible, but we establish these rules:
+//
+//  - Tip frames have dts = pts - (C-O)*N.
+//  - Non-tip frames have dts = dts_last + N.
+//
+// An example, with C=2 and N=10 and the data flow showed with arrows:
+//
+//        I  B  P  B  B  P
+//   pts: 30 40 50 60 70 80
+//        ↓  ↓     ↓
+//   dts: 10 30 20 60 50←40
+//         |  |  ↑        ↑
+//         `--|--'        |
+//             `----------'
+//
+// To show that this works fine also with irregular spacings, let's say that
+// the third frame is delayed a bit (something earlier was dropped). Now the
+// situation looks like this:
+//
+//        I  B  P  B  B   P
+//   pts: 30 40 80 90 100 110
+//        ↓  ↓     ↓
+//   dts: 10 30 20 90 50←40
+//         |  |  ↑        ↑
+//         `--|--'        |
+//             `----------'
+//
+// The resetting on every tip frame makes sure dts never ends up lagging a lot
+// behind pts, and the subtraction of (C-O)*N makes sure pts <= dts.
+//
+// In the output of this function, if <dts_lag> is >= 0, it means to reset the
+// dts from the current pts minus <dts_lag>, while if it's -1, the frame is not
+// a tip frame and should be given a dts based on the previous one.
+#define FRAME_P 0
+#define FRAME_B 1
+#define FRAME_I 2
+#define FRAME_IDR 7
+void encoding2display_order(
+    int encoding_order, int intra_period,
+    int intra_idr_period, int ip_period,
+    int *displaying_order,
+    int *frame_type, int *pts_lag)
+{
+    int encoding_order_gop = 0;
+
+    *pts_lag = 0;
+
+    if (intra_period == 1) { /* all are I/IDR frames */
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order;
+        if (intra_idr_period == 0)
+            *frame_type = (encoding_order == 0)?FRAME_IDR:FRAME_I;
+        else
+            *frame_type = (encoding_order % intra_idr_period == 0)?FRAME_IDR:FRAME_I;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (intra_period == 0)
+        intra_idr_period = 0;
+
+    if (ip_period == 1) {
+        // No B-frames, sequence is like IDR PPPPP IPPPPP.
+        encoding_order_gop = (intra_idr_period == 0) ? encoding_order : (encoding_order % intra_idr_period);
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order;
+
+        if (encoding_order_gop == 0) { /* the first frame */
+            *frame_type = FRAME_IDR;
+        } else if (intra_period != 0 && /* have I frames */
+                   encoding_order_gop >= 2 &&
+                   (encoding_order_gop % intra_period == 0)) {
+            *frame_type = FRAME_I;
+        } else {
+            *frame_type = FRAME_P;
+        }
+        return;
+    } 
+
+    // We have B-frames. Sequence is like IDR (PBB)(PBB)(IBB)(PBB).
+    encoding_order_gop = (intra_idr_period == 0) ? encoding_order : (encoding_order % (intra_idr_period + 1));
+    *pts_lag = -1;  // Most frames are not tip frames.
+         
+    if (encoding_order_gop == 0) { /* the first frame */
+        *frame_type = FRAME_IDR;
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order;
+        // IDR frames are a special case; I honestly can't find the logic behind
+        // why this is the right thing, but it seems to line up nicely in practice :-)
+        *pts_lag = TIMEBASE / MAX_FPS;
+    } else if (((encoding_order_gop - 1) % ip_period) != 0) { /* B frames */
+        *frame_type = FRAME_B;
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order - 1;
+        if ((encoding_order_gop % ip_period) == 0) {
+            *pts_lag = 0;  // Last B-frame.
+        }
+    } else if (intra_period != 0 && /* have I frames */
+               encoding_order_gop >= 2 &&
+               ((encoding_order_gop - 1) / ip_period % (intra_period / ip_period)) == 0) {
+        *frame_type = FRAME_I;
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order + ip_period - 1;
+    } else {
+        *frame_type = FRAME_P;
+        *displaying_order = encoding_order + ip_period - 1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::enable_zerocopy_if_possible()
+{
+       if (global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               // Quick Sync is entirely disabled.
+               use_zerocopy = false;
+       } else if (global_flags.uncompressed_video_to_http) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Disabling zerocopy H.264 encoding due to --http-uncompressed-video.\n");
+               use_zerocopy = false;
+       } else if (global_flags.x264_video_to_http) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Disabling zerocopy H.264 encoding due to --http-x264-video.\n");
+               use_zerocopy = false;
+       } else {
+               use_zerocopy = true;
+       }
+       global_flags.use_zerocopy = use_zerocopy;
+}
+
+VADisplayWithCleanup::~VADisplayWithCleanup()
+{
+       if (va_dpy != nullptr) {
+               vaTerminate(va_dpy);
+       }
+       if (x11_display != nullptr) {
+               XCloseDisplay(x11_display);
+       }
+       if (drm_fd != -1) {
+               close(drm_fd);
+       }
+}
+
+unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> va_open_display(const string &va_display)
+{
+       if (va_display.empty() || va_display[0] != '/') {  // An X display.
+               Display *x11_display = XOpenDisplay(va_display.empty() ? nullptr : va_display.c_str());
+               if (x11_display == nullptr) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "error: can't connect to X server!\n");
+                       return nullptr;
+               }
+
+               unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> ret(new VADisplayWithCleanup);
+               ret->x11_display = x11_display;
+               ret->can_use_zerocopy = true;
+               ret->va_dpy = vaGetDisplay(x11_display);
+               if (ret->va_dpy == nullptr) {
+                       return nullptr;
+               }
+               return ret;
+       } else {  // A DRM node on the filesystem (e.g. /dev/dri/renderD128).
+               int drm_fd = open(va_display.c_str(), O_RDWR);
+               if (drm_fd == -1) {
+                       perror(va_display.c_str());
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> ret(new VADisplayWithCleanup);
+               ret->drm_fd = drm_fd;
+               ret->can_use_zerocopy = false;
+               ret->va_dpy = vaGetDisplayDRM(drm_fd);
+               if (ret->va_dpy == nullptr) {
+                       return nullptr;
+               }
+               return ret;
+       }
+}
+
+unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> try_open_va(const string &va_display, VAProfile *h264_profile, string *error)
+{
+       unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> va_dpy = va_open_display(va_display);
+       if (va_dpy == nullptr) {
+               if (error) *error = "Opening VA display failed";
+               return nullptr;
+       }
+       int major_ver, minor_ver;
+       VAStatus va_status = vaInitialize(va_dpy->va_dpy, &major_ver, &minor_ver);
+       if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+               char buf[256];
+               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "vaInitialize() failed with status %d\n", va_status);
+               if (error != nullptr) *error = buf;
+               return nullptr;
+       }
+
+       int num_entrypoints = vaMaxNumEntrypoints(va_dpy->va_dpy);
+       unique_ptr<VAEntrypoint[]> entrypoints(new VAEntrypoint[num_entrypoints]);
+       if (entrypoints == nullptr) {
+               if (error != nullptr) *error = "Failed to allocate memory for VA entry points";
+               return nullptr;
+       }
+
+       // Try the profiles from highest to lowest until we find one that can be encoded.
+       constexpr VAProfile profile_list[] = { VAProfileH264High, VAProfileH264Main, VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline };
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(profile_list) / sizeof(profile_list[0]); ++i) {
+               vaQueryConfigEntrypoints(va_dpy->va_dpy, profile_list[i], entrypoints.get(), &num_entrypoints);
+               for (int slice_entrypoint = 0; slice_entrypoint < num_entrypoints; slice_entrypoint++) {
+                       if (entrypoints[slice_entrypoint] != VAEntrypointEncSlice) {
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       // We found a usable encoder, so return it.
+                       if (h264_profile != nullptr) {
+                               *h264_profile = profile_list[i];
+                       }
+                       return va_dpy;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (error != nullptr) *error = "Can't find VAEntrypointEncSlice for H264 profiles";
+       return nullptr;
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::init_va(const string &va_display)
+{
+    string error;
+    va_dpy = try_open_va(va_display, &h264_profile, &error);
+    if (va_dpy == nullptr) {
+       fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    if (!va_dpy->can_use_zerocopy) {
+        use_zerocopy = false;
+    }
+    
+    switch (h264_profile) {
+        case VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline:
+            constraint_set_flag |= (1 << 0 | 1 << 1); /* Annex A.2.2 */
+            ip_period = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case VAProfileH264Main:
+            constraint_set_flag |= (1 << 1); /* Annex A.2.2 */
+            break;
+
+        case VAProfileH264High:
+            constraint_set_flag |= (1 << 3); /* Annex A.2.4 */
+            break;
+        default:
+            h264_profile = VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline;
+            ip_period = 1;
+            constraint_set_flag |= (1 << 0); /* Annex A.2.1 */
+            break;
+    }
+
+    VAConfigAttrib attrib[VAConfigAttribTypeMax];
+
+    /* find out the format for the render target, and rate control mode */
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < VAConfigAttribTypeMax; i++)
+        attrib[i].type = (VAConfigAttribType)i;
+
+    VAStatus va_status = vaGetConfigAttributes(va_dpy->va_dpy, h264_profile, VAEntrypointEncSlice,
+                                      &attrib[0], VAConfigAttribTypeMax);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaGetConfigAttributes");
+    /* check the interested configattrib */
+    if ((attrib[VAConfigAttribRTFormat].value & VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420) == 0) {
+        printf("Not find desired YUV420 RT format\n");
+        exit(1);
+    } else {
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].type = VAConfigAttribRTFormat;
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420;
+        config_attrib_num++;
+    }
+    
+    if (attrib[VAConfigAttribRateControl].value != VA_ATTRIB_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        if (!(attrib[VAConfigAttribRateControl].value & VA_RC_CQP)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: VA-API encoder does not support CQP mode.\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].type = VAConfigAttribRateControl;
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value = VA_RC_CQP;
+        config_attrib_num++;
+    }
+    
+
+    if (attrib[VAConfigAttribEncPackedHeaders].value != VA_ATTRIB_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        int tmp = attrib[VAConfigAttribEncPackedHeaders].value;
+
+        h264_packedheader = 1;
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].type = VAConfigAttribEncPackedHeaders;
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value = VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_NONE;
+        
+        if (tmp & VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_SEQUENCE) {
+            config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value |= VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_SEQUENCE;
+        }
+        
+        if (tmp & VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_PICTURE) {
+            config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value |= VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_PICTURE;
+        }
+        
+        if (tmp & VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_SLICE) {
+            config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value |= VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_SLICE;
+        }
+        
+        if (tmp & VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_MISC) {
+            config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value |= VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_MISC;
+        }
+        
+        enc_packed_header_idx = config_attrib_num;
+        config_attrib_num++;
+    }
+
+    if (attrib[VAConfigAttribEncInterlaced].value != VA_ATTRIB_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].type = VAConfigAttribEncInterlaced;
+        config_attrib[config_attrib_num].value = VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_NONE;
+        config_attrib_num++;
+    }
+    
+    if (attrib[VAConfigAttribEncMaxRefFrames].value != VA_ATTRIB_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        h264_maxref = attrib[VAConfigAttribEncMaxRefFrames].value;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::setup_encode()
+{
+       if (!global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               VAStatus va_status;
+               VASurfaceID *tmp_surfaceid;
+               int codedbuf_size;
+               VASurfaceID src_surface[SURFACE_NUM];
+               VASurfaceID ref_surface[SURFACE_NUM];
+
+               va_status = vaCreateConfig(va_dpy->va_dpy, h264_profile, VAEntrypointEncSlice,
+                               &config_attrib[0], config_attrib_num, &config_id);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateConfig");
+
+               /* create source surfaces */
+               va_status = vaCreateSurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420, frame_width_mbaligned, frame_height_mbaligned,
+                               &src_surface[0], SURFACE_NUM,
+                               NULL, 0);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateSurfaces");
+
+               /* create reference surfaces */
+               va_status = vaCreateSurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420, frame_width_mbaligned, frame_height_mbaligned,
+                               &ref_surface[0], SURFACE_NUM,
+                               NULL, 0);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateSurfaces");
+
+               tmp_surfaceid = (VASurfaceID *)calloc(2 * SURFACE_NUM, sizeof(VASurfaceID));
+               memcpy(tmp_surfaceid, src_surface, SURFACE_NUM * sizeof(VASurfaceID));
+               memcpy(tmp_surfaceid + SURFACE_NUM, ref_surface, SURFACE_NUM * sizeof(VASurfaceID));
+
+               for (int i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; i++) {
+                       gl_surfaces[i].src_surface = src_surface[i];
+                       gl_surfaces[i].ref_surface = ref_surface[i];
+               }
+
+               /* Create a context for this encode pipe */
+               va_status = vaCreateContext(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id,
+                               frame_width_mbaligned, frame_height_mbaligned,
+                               VA_PROGRESSIVE,
+                               tmp_surfaceid, 2 * SURFACE_NUM,
+                               &context_id);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateContext");
+               free(tmp_surfaceid);
+
+               codedbuf_size = (frame_width_mbaligned * frame_height_mbaligned * 400) / (16*16);
+
+               for (int i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; i++) {
+                       /* create coded buffer once for all
+                        * other VA buffers which won't be used again after vaRenderPicture.
+                        * so APP can always vaCreateBuffer for every frame
+                        * but coded buffer need to be mapped and accessed after vaRenderPicture/vaEndPicture
+                        * so VA won't maintain the coded buffer
+                        */
+                       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, VAEncCodedBufferType,
+                                       codedbuf_size, 1, NULL, &gl_surfaces[i].coded_buf);
+                       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* create OpenGL objects */
+       for (int i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; i++) {
+               if (use_zerocopy) {
+                       gl_surfaces[i].y_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_R8, 1, 1);
+                       gl_surfaces[i].cbcr_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RG8, 1, 1);
+               } else {
+                       size_t bytes_per_pixel = (global_flags.x264_bit_depth > 8) ? 2 : 1;
+
+                       // Generate a PBO to read into. It doesn't necessarily fit 1:1 with the VA-API
+                       // buffers, due to potentially differing pitch.
+                       glGenBuffers(1, &gl_surfaces[i].pbo);
+                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, gl_surfaces[i].pbo);
+                       glBufferStorage(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, frame_width * frame_height * 2 * bytes_per_pixel, nullptr, GL_MAP_READ_BIT | GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT);
+                       uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)glMapBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0, frame_width * frame_height * 2 * bytes_per_pixel, GL_MAP_READ_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT);
+                       gl_surfaces[i].y_offset = 0;
+                       gl_surfaces[i].cbcr_offset = frame_width * frame_height * bytes_per_pixel;
+                       gl_surfaces[i].y_ptr = ptr + gl_surfaces[i].y_offset;
+                       gl_surfaces[i].cbcr_ptr = ptr + gl_surfaces[i].cbcr_offset;
+                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+// Given a list like 1 9 3 0 2 8 4 and a pivot element 3, will produce
+//
+//   2 1 0 [3] 4 8 9
+template<class T, class C>
+static void sort_two(T *begin, T *end, const T &pivot, const C &less_than)
+{
+       T *middle = partition(begin, end, [&](const T &elem) { return less_than(elem, pivot); });
+       sort(begin, middle, [&](const T &a, const T &b) { return less_than(b, a); });
+       sort(middle, end, less_than);
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::update_ReferenceFrames(int current_display_frame, int frame_type)
+{
+    if (frame_type == FRAME_B)
+        return;
+
+    pic_param.CurrPic.frame_idx = current_ref_frame_num;
+
+    CurrentCurrPic.flags = VA_PICTURE_H264_SHORT_TERM_REFERENCE;
+    unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+
+    // Insert the new frame at the start of the reference queue.
+    reference_frames.push_front(ReferenceFrame{ CurrentCurrPic, current_display_frame });
+
+    if (reference_frames.size() > num_ref_frames)
+    {
+        // The back frame frame is no longer in use as a reference.
+        int display_frame_num = reference_frames.back().display_number;
+        assert(surface_for_frame.count(display_frame_num));
+        release_gl_surface(display_frame_num);
+        reference_frames.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    // Mark this frame in use as a reference.
+    assert(surface_for_frame.count(current_display_frame));
+    ++surface_for_frame[current_display_frame]->refcount;
+    
+    current_ref_frame_num++;
+    if (current_ref_frame_num > MaxFrameNum)
+        current_ref_frame_num = 0;
+}
+
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::update_RefPicList_P(VAPictureH264 RefPicList0_P[MAX_NUM_REF2])
+{
+    const auto descending_by_frame_idx = [](const VAPictureH264 &a, const VAPictureH264 &b) {
+        return a.frame_idx > b.frame_idx;
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < reference_frames.size(); ++i) {
+        RefPicList0_P[i] = reference_frames[i].pic;
+    }
+    sort(&RefPicList0_P[0], &RefPicList0_P[reference_frames.size()], descending_by_frame_idx);
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::update_RefPicList_B(VAPictureH264 RefPicList0_B[MAX_NUM_REF2], VAPictureH264 RefPicList1_B[MAX_NUM_REF2])
+{
+    const auto ascending_by_top_field_order_cnt = [](const VAPictureH264 &a, const VAPictureH264 &b) {
+        return a.TopFieldOrderCnt < b.TopFieldOrderCnt;
+    };
+    const auto descending_by_top_field_order_cnt = [](const VAPictureH264 &a, const VAPictureH264 &b) {
+        return a.TopFieldOrderCnt > b.TopFieldOrderCnt;
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < reference_frames.size(); ++i) {
+        RefPicList0_B[i] = reference_frames[i].pic;
+        RefPicList1_B[i] = reference_frames[i].pic;
+    }
+    sort_two(&RefPicList0_B[0], &RefPicList0_B[reference_frames.size()], CurrentCurrPic, ascending_by_top_field_order_cnt);
+    sort_two(&RefPicList1_B[0], &RefPicList1_B[reference_frames.size()], CurrentCurrPic, descending_by_top_field_order_cnt);
+}
+
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_sequence()
+{
+    VABufferID seq_param_buf, rc_param_buf, render_id[2];
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    VAEncMiscParameterBuffer *misc_param;
+    VAEncMiscParameterRateControl *misc_rate_ctrl;
+    
+    seq_param.level_idc = 41 /*SH_LEVEL_3*/;
+    seq_param.picture_width_in_mbs = frame_width_mbaligned / 16;
+    seq_param.picture_height_in_mbs = frame_height_mbaligned / 16;
+    seq_param.bits_per_second = frame_bitrate;
+
+    seq_param.intra_period = intra_period;
+    seq_param.intra_idr_period = intra_idr_period;
+    seq_param.ip_period = ip_period;
+
+    seq_param.max_num_ref_frames = num_ref_frames;
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.frame_mbs_only_flag = 1;
+    seq_param.time_scale = TIMEBASE * 2;
+    seq_param.num_units_in_tick = 1; /* Tc = num_units_in_tick / scale */
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 = Log2MaxPicOrderCntLsb - 4;
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.log2_max_frame_num_minus4 = Log2MaxFrameNum - 4;;
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.frame_mbs_only_flag = 1;
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.chroma_format_idc = 1;
+    seq_param.seq_fields.bits.direct_8x8_inference_flag = 1;
+    
+    if (frame_width != frame_width_mbaligned ||
+        frame_height != frame_height_mbaligned) {
+        seq_param.frame_cropping_flag = 1;
+        seq_param.frame_crop_left_offset = 0;
+        seq_param.frame_crop_right_offset = (frame_width_mbaligned - frame_width)/2;
+        seq_param.frame_crop_top_offset = 0;
+        seq_param.frame_crop_bottom_offset = (frame_height_mbaligned - frame_height)/2;
+    }
+    
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id,
+                               VAEncSequenceParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(seq_param), 1, &seq_param, &seq_param_buf);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+    
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id,
+                               VAEncMiscParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(VAEncMiscParameterBuffer) + sizeof(VAEncMiscParameterRateControl),
+                               1, NULL, &rc_param_buf);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+    
+    vaMapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, rc_param_buf, (void **)&misc_param);
+    misc_param->type = VAEncMiscParameterTypeRateControl;
+    misc_rate_ctrl = (VAEncMiscParameterRateControl *)misc_param->data;
+    memset(misc_rate_ctrl, 0, sizeof(*misc_rate_ctrl));
+    misc_rate_ctrl->bits_per_second = frame_bitrate;
+    misc_rate_ctrl->target_percentage = 66;
+    misc_rate_ctrl->window_size = 1000;
+    misc_rate_ctrl->initial_qp = initial_qp;
+    misc_rate_ctrl->min_qp = minimal_qp;
+    misc_rate_ctrl->basic_unit_size = 0;
+    vaUnmapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, rc_param_buf);
+
+    render_id[0] = seq_param_buf;
+    render_id[1] = rc_param_buf;
+    
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, &render_id[0], 2);
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int calc_poc(int pic_order_cnt_lsb, int frame_type)
+{
+    static int PicOrderCntMsb_ref = 0, pic_order_cnt_lsb_ref = 0;
+    int prevPicOrderCntMsb, prevPicOrderCntLsb;
+    int PicOrderCntMsb, TopFieldOrderCnt;
+    
+    if (frame_type == FRAME_IDR)
+        prevPicOrderCntMsb = prevPicOrderCntLsb = 0;
+    else {
+        prevPicOrderCntMsb = PicOrderCntMsb_ref;
+        prevPicOrderCntLsb = pic_order_cnt_lsb_ref;
+    }
+    
+    if ((pic_order_cnt_lsb < prevPicOrderCntLsb) &&
+        ((prevPicOrderCntLsb - pic_order_cnt_lsb) >= (int)(MaxPicOrderCntLsb / 2)))
+        PicOrderCntMsb = prevPicOrderCntMsb + MaxPicOrderCntLsb;
+    else if ((pic_order_cnt_lsb > prevPicOrderCntLsb) &&
+             ((pic_order_cnt_lsb - prevPicOrderCntLsb) > (int)(MaxPicOrderCntLsb / 2)))
+        PicOrderCntMsb = prevPicOrderCntMsb - MaxPicOrderCntLsb;
+    else
+        PicOrderCntMsb = prevPicOrderCntMsb;
+    
+    TopFieldOrderCnt = PicOrderCntMsb + pic_order_cnt_lsb;
+
+    if (frame_type != FRAME_B) {
+        PicOrderCntMsb_ref = PicOrderCntMsb;
+        pic_order_cnt_lsb_ref = pic_order_cnt_lsb;
+    }
+    
+    return TopFieldOrderCnt;
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_picture(GLSurface *surf, int frame_type, int display_frame_num, int gop_start_display_frame_num)
+{
+    VABufferID pic_param_buf;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    pic_param.CurrPic.picture_id = surf->ref_surface;
+    pic_param.CurrPic.frame_idx = current_ref_frame_num;
+    pic_param.CurrPic.flags = 0;
+    pic_param.CurrPic.TopFieldOrderCnt = calc_poc((display_frame_num - gop_start_display_frame_num) % MaxPicOrderCntLsb, frame_type);
+    pic_param.CurrPic.BottomFieldOrderCnt = pic_param.CurrPic.TopFieldOrderCnt;
+    CurrentCurrPic = pic_param.CurrPic;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < reference_frames.size(); i++) {
+        pic_param.ReferenceFrames[i] = reference_frames[i].pic;
+    }
+    for (i = reference_frames.size(); i < MAX_NUM_REF1; i++) {
+        pic_param.ReferenceFrames[i].picture_id = VA_INVALID_SURFACE;
+        pic_param.ReferenceFrames[i].flags = VA_PICTURE_H264_INVALID;
+    }
+    
+    pic_param.pic_fields.bits.idr_pic_flag = (frame_type == FRAME_IDR);
+    pic_param.pic_fields.bits.reference_pic_flag = (frame_type != FRAME_B);
+    pic_param.pic_fields.bits.entropy_coding_mode_flag = h264_entropy_mode;
+    pic_param.pic_fields.bits.deblocking_filter_control_present_flag = 1;
+    pic_param.frame_num = current_ref_frame_num;  // FIXME: is this correct?
+    pic_param.coded_buf = surf->coded_buf;
+    pic_param.last_picture = false;  // FIXME
+    pic_param.pic_init_qp = initial_qp;
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, VAEncPictureParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(pic_param), 1, &pic_param, &pic_param_buf);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, &pic_param_buf, 1);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_packedsequence(YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients)
+{
+    VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBuffer packedheader_param_buffer;
+    VABufferID packedseq_para_bufid, packedseq_data_bufid, render_id[2];
+    unsigned int length_in_bits;
+    unsigned char *packedseq_buffer = NULL;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+
+    length_in_bits = build_packed_seq_buffer(ycbcr_coefficients, &packedseq_buffer); 
+    
+    packedheader_param_buffer.type = VAEncPackedHeaderSequence;
+    
+    packedheader_param_buffer.bit_length = length_in_bits; /*length_in_bits*/
+    packedheader_param_buffer.has_emulation_bytes = 0;
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(packedheader_param_buffer), 1, &packedheader_param_buffer,
+                               &packedseq_para_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType,
+                               (length_in_bits + 7) / 8, 1, packedseq_buffer,
+                               &packedseq_data_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    render_id[0] = packedseq_para_bufid;
+    render_id[1] = packedseq_data_bufid;
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, render_id, 2);
+
+    free(packedseq_buffer);
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_packedpicture()
+{
+    VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBuffer packedheader_param_buffer;
+    VABufferID packedpic_para_bufid, packedpic_data_bufid, render_id[2];
+    unsigned int length_in_bits;
+    unsigned char *packedpic_buffer = NULL;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+
+    length_in_bits = build_packed_pic_buffer(&packedpic_buffer); 
+    packedheader_param_buffer.type = VAEncPackedHeaderPicture;
+    packedheader_param_buffer.bit_length = length_in_bits;
+    packedheader_param_buffer.has_emulation_bytes = 0;
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(packedheader_param_buffer), 1, &packedheader_param_buffer,
+                               &packedpic_para_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType,
+                               (length_in_bits + 7) / 8, 1, packedpic_buffer,
+                               &packedpic_data_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    render_id[0] = packedpic_para_bufid;
+    render_id[1] = packedpic_data_bufid;
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, render_id, 2);
+
+    free(packedpic_buffer);
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_packedslice()
+{
+    VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBuffer packedheader_param_buffer;
+    VABufferID packedslice_para_bufid, packedslice_data_bufid, render_id[2];
+    unsigned int length_in_bits;
+    unsigned char *packedslice_buffer = NULL;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+
+    length_in_bits = build_packed_slice_buffer(&packedslice_buffer);
+    packedheader_param_buffer.type = VAEncPackedHeaderSlice;
+    packedheader_param_buffer.bit_length = length_in_bits;
+    packedheader_param_buffer.has_emulation_bytes = 0;
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(packedheader_param_buffer), 1, &packedheader_param_buffer,
+                               &packedslice_para_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy,
+                               context_id,
+                               VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType,
+                               (length_in_bits + 7) / 8, 1, packedslice_buffer,
+                               &packedslice_data_bufid);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    render_id[0] = packedslice_para_bufid;
+    render_id[1] = packedslice_data_bufid;
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, render_id, 2);
+
+    free(packedslice_buffer);
+}
+
+int QuickSyncEncoderImpl::render_slice(int encoding_frame_num, int display_frame_num, int gop_start_display_frame_num, int frame_type)
+{
+    VABufferID slice_param_buf;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    int i;
+
+    /* one frame, one slice */
+    slice_param.macroblock_address = 0;
+    slice_param.num_macroblocks = frame_width_mbaligned * frame_height_mbaligned/(16*16); /* Measured by MB */
+    slice_param.slice_type = (frame_type == FRAME_IDR)?2:frame_type;
+    if (frame_type == FRAME_IDR) {
+        if (encoding_frame_num != 0)
+            ++slice_param.idr_pic_id;
+    } else if (frame_type == FRAME_P) {
+        VAPictureH264 RefPicList0_P[MAX_NUM_REF2];
+        update_RefPicList_P(RefPicList0_P);
+
+        int refpiclist0_max = h264_maxref & 0xffff;
+        memcpy(slice_param.RefPicList0, RefPicList0_P, refpiclist0_max*sizeof(VAPictureH264));
+
+        for (i = refpiclist0_max; i < MAX_NUM_REF2; i++) {
+            slice_param.RefPicList0[i].picture_id = VA_INVALID_SURFACE;
+            slice_param.RefPicList0[i].flags = VA_PICTURE_H264_INVALID;
+        }
+    } else if (frame_type == FRAME_B) {
+        VAPictureH264 RefPicList0_B[MAX_NUM_REF2], RefPicList1_B[MAX_NUM_REF2];
+        update_RefPicList_B(RefPicList0_B, RefPicList1_B);
+
+        int refpiclist0_max = h264_maxref & 0xffff;
+        int refpiclist1_max = (h264_maxref >> 16) & 0xffff;
+
+        memcpy(slice_param.RefPicList0, RefPicList0_B, refpiclist0_max*sizeof(VAPictureH264));
+        for (i = refpiclist0_max; i < MAX_NUM_REF2; i++) {
+            slice_param.RefPicList0[i].picture_id = VA_INVALID_SURFACE;
+            slice_param.RefPicList0[i].flags = VA_PICTURE_H264_INVALID;
+        }
+
+        memcpy(slice_param.RefPicList1, RefPicList1_B, refpiclist1_max*sizeof(VAPictureH264));
+        for (i = refpiclist1_max; i < MAX_NUM_REF2; i++) {
+            slice_param.RefPicList1[i].picture_id = VA_INVALID_SURFACE;
+            slice_param.RefPicList1[i].flags = VA_PICTURE_H264_INVALID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    slice_param.slice_alpha_c0_offset_div2 = 0;
+    slice_param.slice_beta_offset_div2 = 0;
+    slice_param.direct_spatial_mv_pred_flag = 1;
+    slice_param.pic_order_cnt_lsb = (display_frame_num - gop_start_display_frame_num) % MaxPicOrderCntLsb;
+    
+
+    if (h264_packedheader &&
+        config_attrib[enc_packed_header_idx].value & VA_ENC_PACKED_HEADER_SLICE)
+        render_packedslice();
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, VAEncSliceParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(slice_param), 1, &slice_param, &slice_param_buf);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+
+    render_picture_and_delete(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, &slice_param_buf, 1);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::save_codeddata(GLSurface *surf, storage_task task)
+{    
+       VACodedBufferSegment *buf_list = NULL;
+       VAStatus va_status;
+
+       string data;
+
+       va_status = vaMapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->coded_buf, (void **)(&buf_list));
+       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaMapBuffer");
+       while (buf_list != NULL) {
+               data.append(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(buf_list->buf), buf_list->size);
+               buf_list = (VACodedBufferSegment *) buf_list->next;
+       }
+       vaUnmapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->coded_buf);
+
+       static int frameno = 0;
+       print_latency("Current Quick Sync latency (video inputs → disk mux):",
+               task.received_ts, (task.frame_type == FRAME_B), &frameno, &qs_latency_histogram);
+
+       {
+               // Add video.
+               AVPacket pkt;
+               memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
+               pkt.buf = nullptr;
+               pkt.data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&data[0]);
+               pkt.size = data.size();
+               pkt.stream_index = 0;
+               if (task.frame_type == FRAME_IDR) {
+                       pkt.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+               } else {
+                       pkt.flags = 0;
+               }
+               pkt.duration = task.duration;
+               if (file_mux) {
+                       file_mux->add_packet(pkt, task.pts + global_delay(), task.dts + global_delay());
+               }
+               if (!global_flags.uncompressed_video_to_http &&
+                   !global_flags.x264_video_to_http) {
+                       stream_mux->add_packet(pkt, task.pts + global_delay(), task.dts + global_delay());
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+// this is weird. but it seems to put a new frame onto the queue
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::storage_task_enqueue(storage_task task)
+{
+       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+       storage_task_queue.push(move(task));
+       storage_task_queue_changed.notify_all();
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::storage_task_thread()
+{
+       pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "QS_Storage");
+       for ( ;; ) {
+               storage_task current;
+               GLSurface *surf;
+               {
+                       // wait until there's an encoded frame  
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+                       storage_task_queue_changed.wait(lock, [this]{ return storage_thread_should_quit || !storage_task_queue.empty(); });
+                       if (storage_thread_should_quit && storage_task_queue.empty()) return;
+                       current = move(storage_task_queue.front());
+                       storage_task_queue.pop();
+                       surf = surface_for_frame[current.display_order];
+                       assert(surf != nullptr);
+               }
+
+               VAStatus va_status;
+
+               size_t display_order = current.display_order;
+               vector<size_t> ref_display_frame_numbers = move(current.ref_display_frame_numbers);
+          
+               // waits for data, then saves it to disk.
+               va_status = vaSyncSurface(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->src_surface);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaSyncSurface");
+               save_codeddata(surf, move(current));
+
+               // Unlock the frame, and all its references.
+               {
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+                       release_gl_surface(display_order);
+
+                       for (size_t frame_num : ref_display_frame_numbers) {
+                               release_gl_surface(frame_num);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::release_encode()
+{
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; i++) {
+               vaDestroyBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, gl_surfaces[i].coded_buf);
+               vaDestroySurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy, &gl_surfaces[i].src_surface, 1);
+               vaDestroySurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy, &gl_surfaces[i].ref_surface, 1);
+       }
+
+       vaDestroyContext(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id);
+       vaDestroyConfig(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id);
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::release_gl_resources()
+{
+       assert(is_shutdown);
+       if (has_released_gl_resources) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; i++) {
+               if (use_zerocopy) {
+                       resource_pool->release_2d_texture(gl_surfaces[i].y_tex);
+                       resource_pool->release_2d_texture(gl_surfaces[i].cbcr_tex);
+               } else {
+                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, gl_surfaces[i].pbo);
+                       glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER);
+                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
+                       glDeleteBuffers(1, &gl_surfaces[i].pbo);
+               }
+       }
+
+       has_released_gl_resources = true;
+}
+
+QuickSyncEncoderImpl::QuickSyncEncoderImpl(const std::string &filename, ResourcePool *resource_pool, QSurface *surface, const string &va_display, int width, int height, AVOutputFormat *oformat, X264Encoder *x264_encoder, DiskSpaceEstimator *disk_space_estimator)
+       : current_storage_frame(0), resource_pool(resource_pool), surface(surface), x264_encoder(x264_encoder), frame_width(width), frame_height(height), disk_space_estimator(disk_space_estimator)
+{
+       file_audio_encoder.reset(new AudioEncoder(AUDIO_OUTPUT_CODEC_NAME, DEFAULT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_BIT_RATE, oformat));
+       open_output_file(filename);
+       file_audio_encoder->add_mux(file_mux.get());
+
+       frame_width_mbaligned = (frame_width + 15) & (~15);
+       frame_height_mbaligned = (frame_height + 15) & (~15);
+
+       //print_input();
+
+       if (global_flags.x264_video_to_http || global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               assert(x264_encoder != nullptr);
+       } else {
+               assert(x264_encoder == nullptr);
+       }
+
+       enable_zerocopy_if_possible();
+       if (!global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               init_va(va_display);
+       }
+       setup_encode();
+
+       if (!global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               memset(&seq_param, 0, sizeof(seq_param));
+               memset(&pic_param, 0, sizeof(pic_param));
+               memset(&slice_param, 0, sizeof(slice_param));
+       }
+
+       call_once(quick_sync_metrics_inited, [](){
+               mixer_latency_histogram.init("mixer");
+               qs_latency_histogram.init("quick_sync");
+               current_file_mux_metrics.init({{ "destination", "current_file" }});
+               total_mux_metrics.init({{ "destination", "files_total" }});
+               global_metrics.add("current_file_start_time_seconds", &metric_current_file_start_time_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("quick_sync_stalled_frames", &metric_quick_sync_stalled_frames);
+       });
+
+       storage_thread = thread(&QuickSyncEncoderImpl::storage_task_thread, this);
+
+       encode_thread = thread([this]{
+               QOpenGLContext *context = create_context(this->surface);
+               eglBindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_API);
+               if (!make_current(context, this->surface)) {
+                       printf("display=%p surface=%p context=%p curr=%p err=%d\n", eglGetCurrentDisplay(), this->surface, context, eglGetCurrentContext(),
+                               eglGetError());
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               encode_thread_func();
+               delete_context(context);
+       });
+}
+
+QuickSyncEncoderImpl::~QuickSyncEncoderImpl()
+{
+       shutdown();
+       release_gl_resources();
+}
+
+QuickSyncEncoderImpl::GLSurface *QuickSyncEncoderImpl::allocate_gl_surface()
+{
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < SURFACE_NUM; ++i) {
+               if (gl_surfaces[i].refcount == 0) {
+                       ++gl_surfaces[i].refcount;
+                       return &gl_surfaces[i];
+               }
+       }
+       return nullptr;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::release_gl_surface(size_t display_frame_num)
+{
+       assert(surface_for_frame.count(display_frame_num));
+       QuickSyncEncoderImpl::GLSurface *surf = surface_for_frame[display_frame_num];
+       if (--surf->refcount == 0) {
+               assert(surface_for_frame.count(display_frame_num));
+               surface_for_frame.erase(display_frame_num);
+               storage_task_queue_changed.notify_all();
+       }
+}
+
+bool QuickSyncEncoderImpl::is_zerocopy() const
+{
+       return use_zerocopy;
+}
+
+bool QuickSyncEncoderImpl::begin_frame(int64_t pts, int64_t duration, YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients, const vector<RefCountedFrame> &input_frames, GLuint *y_tex, GLuint *cbcr_tex)
+{
+       assert(!is_shutdown);
+       GLSurface *surf = nullptr;
+       {
+               // Wait until this frame slot is done encoding.
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+               surf = allocate_gl_surface();
+               if (surf == nullptr) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "Warning: No free slots for frame %d, rendering has to wait for H.264 encoder\n",
+                               current_storage_frame);
+                       ++metric_quick_sync_stalled_frames;
+                       storage_task_queue_changed.wait(lock, [this, &surf]{
+                               if (storage_thread_should_quit)
+                                       return true;
+                               surf = allocate_gl_surface();
+                               return surf != nullptr;
+                       });
+               }
+               if (storage_thread_should_quit) return false;
+               assert(surf != nullptr);
+               surface_for_frame[current_storage_frame] = surf;
+       }
+
+       if (use_zerocopy) {
+               *y_tex = surf->y_tex;
+               *cbcr_tex = surf->cbcr_tex;
+       } else {
+               surf->y_tex = *y_tex;
+               surf->cbcr_tex = *cbcr_tex;
+       }
+
+       if (!global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               VAStatus va_status = vaDeriveImage(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->src_surface, &surf->surface_image);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDeriveImage");
+
+               if (use_zerocopy) {
+                       VABufferInfo buf_info;
+                       buf_info.mem_type = VA_SURFACE_ATTRIB_MEM_TYPE_DRM_PRIME;  // or VA_SURFACE_ATTRIB_MEM_TYPE_KERNEL_DRM?
+                       va_status = vaAcquireBufferHandle(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->surface_image.buf, &buf_info);
+                       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaAcquireBufferHandle");
+
+                       // Create Y image.
+                       surf->y_egl_image = EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR;
+                       EGLint y_attribs[] = {
+                               EGL_WIDTH, frame_width,
+                               EGL_HEIGHT, frame_height,
+                               EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT, fourcc_code('R', '8', ' ', ' '),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT, EGLint(buf_info.handle),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT, EGLint(surf->surface_image.offsets[0]),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT, EGLint(surf->surface_image.pitches[0]),
+                               EGL_NONE
+                       };
+
+                       surf->y_egl_image = eglCreateImageKHR(eglGetCurrentDisplay(), EGL_NO_CONTEXT, EGL_LINUX_DMA_BUF_EXT, NULL, y_attribs);
+                       assert(surf->y_egl_image != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR);
+
+                       // Associate Y image to a texture.
+                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, *y_tex);
+                       glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surf->y_egl_image);
+
+                       // Create CbCr image.
+                       surf->cbcr_egl_image = EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR;
+                       EGLint cbcr_attribs[] = {
+                               EGL_WIDTH, frame_width / 2,
+                               EGL_HEIGHT, frame_height / 2,
+                               EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT, fourcc_code('G', 'R', '8', '8'),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT, EGLint(buf_info.handle),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT, EGLint(surf->surface_image.offsets[1]),
+                               EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT, EGLint(surf->surface_image.pitches[1]),
+                               EGL_NONE
+                       };
+
+                       surf->cbcr_egl_image = eglCreateImageKHR(eglGetCurrentDisplay(), EGL_NO_CONTEXT, EGL_LINUX_DMA_BUF_EXT, NULL, cbcr_attribs);
+                       assert(surf->cbcr_egl_image != EGL_NO_IMAGE_KHR);
+
+                       // Associate CbCr image to a texture.
+                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, *cbcr_tex);
+                       glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surf->cbcr_egl_image);
+               }
+       }
+
+       current_video_frame = PendingFrame{ {}, input_frames, pts, duration, ycbcr_coefficients };
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::add_audio(int64_t pts, vector<float> audio)
+{
+       lock_guard<mutex> lock(file_audio_encoder_mutex);
+       assert(!is_shutdown);
+       file_audio_encoder->encode_audio(audio, pts + global_delay());
+}
+
+RefCountedGLsync QuickSyncEncoderImpl::end_frame()
+{
+       assert(!is_shutdown);
+
+       if (!use_zerocopy) {
+               GLenum type = global_flags.x264_bit_depth > 8 ? GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT : GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
+               GLSurface *surf;
+               {
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+                       surf = surface_for_frame[current_storage_frame];
+                       assert(surf != nullptr);
+               }
+
+               glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+               check_error();
+
+               glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, surf->pbo);
+               check_error();
+
+               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surf->y_tex);
+               check_error();
+               glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RED, type, BUFFER_OFFSET(surf->y_offset));
+               check_error();
+
+               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, surf->cbcr_tex);
+               check_error();
+               glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG, type, BUFFER_OFFSET(surf->cbcr_offset));
+               check_error();
+
+               // We don't own these; the caller does.
+               surf->y_tex = surf->cbcr_tex = 0;
+
+               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+               check_error();
+               glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
+               check_error();
+
+               glMemoryBarrier(GL_TEXTURE_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT | GL_CLIENT_MAPPED_BUFFER_BARRIER_BIT);
+               check_error();
+       }
+
+       RefCountedGLsync fence = RefCountedGLsync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, /*flags=*/0);
+       check_error();
+       glFlush();  // Make the H.264 thread see the fence as soon as possible.
+       check_error();
+
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(frame_queue_mutex);
+               current_video_frame.fence = fence;
+               pending_video_frames.push(move(current_video_frame));
+               ++current_storage_frame;
+       }
+       frame_queue_nonempty.notify_all();
+       return fence;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::shutdown()
+{
+       if (is_shutdown) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(frame_queue_mutex);
+               encode_thread_should_quit = true;
+               frame_queue_nonempty.notify_all();
+       }
+       encode_thread.join();
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+               storage_thread_should_quit = true;
+               frame_queue_nonempty.notify_all();
+               storage_task_queue_changed.notify_all();
+       }
+       storage_thread.join();
+
+       // Encode any leftover audio in the queues, and also any delayed frames.
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(file_audio_encoder_mutex);
+               file_audio_encoder->encode_last_audio();
+       }
+
+       if (!global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               release_encode();
+               va_dpy.reset();
+       }
+       is_shutdown = true;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::close_file()
+{
+       file_mux.reset();
+       metric_current_file_start_time_seconds = 0.0 / 0.0;
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::open_output_file(const std::string &filename)
+{
+       AVFormatContext *avctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+       avctx->oformat = av_guess_format(NULL, filename.c_str(), NULL);
+       assert(filename.size() < sizeof(avctx->filename) - 1);
+       strcpy(avctx->filename, filename.c_str());
+
+       string url = "file:" + filename;
+       int ret = avio_open2(&avctx->pb, url.c_str(), AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &avctx->interrupt_callback, NULL);
+       if (ret < 0) {
+               char tmp[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s: avio_open2() failed: %s\n", filename.c_str(), av_make_error_string(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ret));
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       string video_extradata;  // FIXME: See other comment about global headers.
+       if (global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               video_extradata = x264_encoder->get_global_headers();
+       }
+
+       current_file_mux_metrics.reset();
+
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(file_audio_encoder_mutex);
+               AVCodecParametersWithDeleter audio_codecpar = file_audio_encoder->get_codec_parameters();
+               file_mux.reset(new Mux(avctx, frame_width, frame_height, Mux::CODEC_H264, video_extradata, audio_codecpar.get(), TIMEBASE,
+                       std::bind(&DiskSpaceEstimator::report_write, disk_space_estimator, filename, _1),
+                       Mux::WRITE_BACKGROUND,
+                       { &current_file_mux_metrics, &total_mux_metrics }));
+       }
+       metric_current_file_start_time_seconds = get_timestamp_for_metrics();
+
+       if (global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               x264_encoder->add_mux(file_mux.get());
+       }
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::encode_thread_func()
+{
+       pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "QS_Encode");
+
+       int64_t last_dts = -1;
+       int gop_start_display_frame_num = 0;
+       for (int display_frame_num = 0; ; ++display_frame_num) {
+               // Wait for the frame to be in the queue. Note that this only means
+               // we started rendering it.
+               PendingFrame frame;
+               {
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(frame_queue_mutex);
+                       frame_queue_nonempty.wait(lock, [this]{
+                               return encode_thread_should_quit || !pending_video_frames.empty();
+                       });
+                       if (encode_thread_should_quit && pending_video_frames.empty()) {
+                               // We may have queued frames left in the reorder buffer
+                               // that were supposed to be B-frames, but have no P-frame
+                               // to be encoded against. If so, encode them all as
+                               // P-frames instead. Note that this happens under the mutex,
+                               // but nobody else uses it at this point, since we're shutting down,
+                               // so there's no contention.
+                               encode_remaining_frames_as_p(quicksync_encoding_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num, last_dts);
+                               return;
+                       } else {
+                               frame = move(pending_video_frames.front());
+                               pending_video_frames.pop();
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // Pass the frame on to x264 (or uncompressed to HTTP) as needed.
+               // Note that this implicitly waits for the frame to be done rendering.
+               pass_frame(frame, display_frame_num, frame.pts, frame.duration);
+
+               if (global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+                       release_gl_surface(display_frame_num);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               reorder_buffer[display_frame_num] = move(frame);
+
+               // Now encode as many QuickSync frames as we can using the frames we have available.
+               // (It could be zero, or it could be multiple.) FIXME: make a function.
+               for ( ;; ) {
+                       int pts_lag;
+                       int frame_type, quicksync_display_frame_num;
+                       encoding2display_order(quicksync_encoding_frame_num, intra_period, intra_idr_period, ip_period,
+                                              &quicksync_display_frame_num, &frame_type, &pts_lag);
+                       if (!reorder_buffer.count(quicksync_display_frame_num)) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       frame = move(reorder_buffer[quicksync_display_frame_num]);
+                       reorder_buffer.erase(quicksync_display_frame_num);
+
+                       if (frame_type == FRAME_IDR) {
+                               // Release any reference frames from the previous GOP.
+                               {
+                                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+                                       for (const ReferenceFrame &frame : reference_frames) {
+                                               release_gl_surface(frame.display_number);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               reference_frames.clear();
+                               current_ref_frame_num = 0;
+                               gop_start_display_frame_num = quicksync_display_frame_num;
+                       }
+
+                       // Determine the dts of this frame.
+                       int64_t dts;
+                       if (pts_lag == -1) {
+                               assert(last_dts != -1);
+                               dts = last_dts + (TIMEBASE / MAX_FPS);
+                       } else {
+                               dts = frame.pts - pts_lag;
+                       }
+                       last_dts = dts;
+
+                       encode_frame(frame, quicksync_encoding_frame_num, quicksync_display_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num, frame_type, frame.pts, dts, frame.duration, frame.ycbcr_coefficients);
+                       ++quicksync_encoding_frame_num;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::encode_remaining_frames_as_p(int encoding_frame_num, int gop_start_display_frame_num, int64_t last_dts)
+{
+       if (reorder_buffer.empty()) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (auto &pending_frame : reorder_buffer) {
+               int display_frame_num = pending_frame.first;
+               assert(display_frame_num > 0);
+               PendingFrame frame = move(pending_frame.second);
+               int64_t dts = last_dts + (TIMEBASE / MAX_FPS);
+               printf("Finalizing encode: Encoding leftover frame %d as P-frame instead of B-frame.\n", display_frame_num);
+               encode_frame(frame, encoding_frame_num++, display_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num, FRAME_P, frame.pts, dts, frame.duration, frame.ycbcr_coefficients);
+               last_dts = dts;
+       }
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::add_packet_for_uncompressed_frame(int64_t pts, int64_t duration, const uint8_t *data)
+{
+       AVPacket pkt;
+       memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
+       pkt.buf = nullptr;
+       pkt.data = const_cast<uint8_t *>(data);
+       pkt.size = frame_width * frame_height * 2;
+       pkt.stream_index = 0;
+       pkt.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+       pkt.duration = duration;
+       stream_mux->add_packet(pkt, pts, pts);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+void memcpy_with_pitch(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t src_width, size_t dst_pitch, size_t height)
+{
+       if (src_width == dst_pitch) {
+               memcpy(dst, src, src_width * height);
+       } else {
+               for (size_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+                       const uint8_t *sptr = src + y * src_width;
+                       uint8_t *dptr = dst + y * dst_pitch;
+                       memcpy(dptr, sptr, src_width);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::pass_frame(QuickSyncEncoderImpl::PendingFrame frame, int display_frame_num, int64_t pts, int64_t duration)
+{
+       // Wait for the GPU to be done with the frame.
+       GLenum sync_status;
+       do {
+               sync_status = glClientWaitSync(frame.fence.get(), 0, 0);
+               check_error();
+               if (sync_status == GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED) {
+                       // NVIDIA likes to busy-wait; yield instead.
+                       this_thread::sleep_for(milliseconds(1));
+               }
+       } while (sync_status == GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED);
+       assert(sync_status != GL_WAIT_FAILED);
+
+       ReceivedTimestamps received_ts = find_received_timestamp(frame.input_frames);
+       static int frameno = 0;
+       print_latency("Current mixer latency (video inputs → ready for encode):",
+               received_ts, false, &frameno, &mixer_latency_histogram);
+
+       // Release back any input frames we needed to render this frame.
+       frame.input_frames.clear();
+
+       GLSurface *surf;
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+               surf = surface_for_frame[display_frame_num];
+               assert(surf != nullptr);
+       }
+       uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(surf->y_ptr);
+       if (global_flags.uncompressed_video_to_http) {
+               add_packet_for_uncompressed_frame(pts, duration, data);
+       } else if (global_flags.x264_video_to_http || global_flags.x264_video_to_disk) {
+               x264_encoder->add_frame(pts, duration, frame.ycbcr_coefficients, data, received_ts);
+       }
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoderImpl::encode_frame(QuickSyncEncoderImpl::PendingFrame frame, int encoding_frame_num, int display_frame_num, int gop_start_display_frame_num,
+                                        int frame_type, int64_t pts, int64_t dts, int64_t duration, YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients)
+{
+       const ReceivedTimestamps received_ts = find_received_timestamp(frame.input_frames);
+
+       GLSurface *surf;
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+               surf = surface_for_frame[display_frame_num];
+               assert(surf != nullptr);
+       }
+       VAStatus va_status;
+
+       if (use_zerocopy) {
+               eglDestroyImageKHR(eglGetCurrentDisplay(), surf->y_egl_image);
+               eglDestroyImageKHR(eglGetCurrentDisplay(), surf->cbcr_egl_image);
+               va_status = vaReleaseBufferHandle(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->surface_image.buf);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaReleaseBufferHandle");
+       } else {
+               // Upload the frame to VA-API.
+               unsigned char *surface_p = nullptr;
+               vaMapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->surface_image.buf, (void **)&surface_p);
+
+               unsigned char *va_y_ptr = (unsigned char *)surface_p + surf->surface_image.offsets[0];
+               memcpy_with_pitch(va_y_ptr, surf->y_ptr, frame_width, surf->surface_image.pitches[0], frame_height);
+
+               unsigned char *va_cbcr_ptr = (unsigned char *)surface_p + surf->surface_image.offsets[1];
+               memcpy_with_pitch(va_cbcr_ptr, surf->cbcr_ptr, (frame_width / 2) * sizeof(uint16_t), surf->surface_image.pitches[1], frame_height / 2);
+
+               va_status = vaUnmapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->surface_image.buf);
+               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaUnmapBuffer");
+       }
+
+       va_status = vaDestroyImage(va_dpy->va_dpy, surf->surface_image.image_id);
+       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroyImage");
+
+       // Schedule the frame for encoding.
+       VASurfaceID va_surface = surf->src_surface;
+       va_status = vaBeginPicture(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id, va_surface);
+       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaBeginPicture");
+
+       if (frame_type == FRAME_IDR) {
+               // FIXME: If the mux wants global headers, we should not put the
+               // SPS/PPS before each IDR frame, but rather put it into the
+               // codec extradata (formatted differently?).
+               //
+               // NOTE: If we change ycbcr_coefficients, it will not take effect
+               // before the next IDR frame. This is acceptable, as it should only
+               // happen on a mode change, which is rare.
+               render_sequence();
+               render_picture(surf, frame_type, display_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num);
+               if (h264_packedheader) {
+                       render_packedsequence(ycbcr_coefficients);
+                       render_packedpicture();
+               }
+       } else {
+               //render_sequence();
+               render_picture(surf, frame_type, display_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num);
+       }
+       render_slice(encoding_frame_num, display_frame_num, gop_start_display_frame_num, frame_type);
+
+       va_status = vaEndPicture(va_dpy->va_dpy, context_id);
+       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaEndPicture");
+
+       update_ReferenceFrames(display_frame_num, frame_type);
+
+       vector<size_t> ref_display_frame_numbers;
+
+       // Lock the references for this frame; otherwise, they could be
+       // rendered to before this frame is done encoding.
+       {
+               unique_lock<mutex> lock(storage_task_queue_mutex);
+               for (const ReferenceFrame &frame : reference_frames) {
+                       assert(surface_for_frame.count(frame.display_number));
+                       ++surface_for_frame[frame.display_number]->refcount;
+                       ref_display_frame_numbers.push_back(frame.display_number);
+               }
+       }
+
+       // so now the data is done encoding (well, async job kicked off)...
+       // we send that to the storage thread
+       storage_task tmp;
+       tmp.display_order = display_frame_num;
+       tmp.frame_type = frame_type;
+       tmp.pts = pts;
+       tmp.dts = dts;
+       tmp.duration = duration;
+       tmp.ycbcr_coefficients = ycbcr_coefficients;
+       tmp.received_ts = received_ts;
+       tmp.ref_display_frame_numbers = move(ref_display_frame_numbers);
+       storage_task_enqueue(move(tmp));
+}
+
+// Proxy object.
+QuickSyncEncoder::QuickSyncEncoder(const std::string &filename, ResourcePool *resource_pool, QSurface *surface, const string &va_display, int width, int height, AVOutputFormat *oformat, X264Encoder *x264_encoder, DiskSpaceEstimator *disk_space_estimator)
+       : impl(new QuickSyncEncoderImpl(filename, resource_pool, surface, va_display, width, height, oformat, x264_encoder, disk_space_estimator)) {}
+
+// Must be defined here because unique_ptr<> destructor needs to know the impl.
+QuickSyncEncoder::~QuickSyncEncoder() {}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoder::add_audio(int64_t pts, vector<float> audio)
+{
+       impl->add_audio(pts, audio);
+}
+
+bool QuickSyncEncoder::is_zerocopy() const
+{
+       return impl->is_zerocopy();
+}
+
+bool QuickSyncEncoder::begin_frame(int64_t pts, int64_t duration, YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_coefficients, const vector<RefCountedFrame> &input_frames, GLuint *y_tex, GLuint *cbcr_tex)
+{
+       return impl->begin_frame(pts, duration, ycbcr_coefficients, input_frames, y_tex, cbcr_tex);
+}
+
+RefCountedGLsync QuickSyncEncoder::end_frame()
+{
+       return impl->end_frame();
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoder::shutdown()
+{
+       impl->shutdown();
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoder::close_file()
+{
+       impl->shutdown();
+}
+
+void QuickSyncEncoder::set_stream_mux(Mux *mux)
+{
+       impl->set_stream_mux(mux);
+}
+
+int64_t QuickSyncEncoder::global_delay() const {
+       return impl->global_delay();
+}
+
+string QuickSyncEncoder::get_usable_va_display()
+{
+       // Reduce the amount of chatter while probing,
+       // unless the user has specified otherwise.
+       bool need_env_reset = false;
+       if (getenv("LIBVA_MESSAGING_LEVEL") == nullptr) {
+               setenv("LIBVA_MESSAGING_LEVEL", "0", true);
+               need_env_reset = true;
+       }
+
+       // First try the default (ie., whatever $DISPLAY is set to).
+       unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> va_dpy = try_open_va("", nullptr, nullptr);
+       if (va_dpy != nullptr) {
+               if (need_env_reset) {
+                       unsetenv("LIBVA_MESSAGING_LEVEL");
+               }
+               return "";
+       }
+
+       fprintf(stderr, "No --va-display was given, and the X11 display did not expose a VA-API H.264 encoder.\n");
+
+       // Try all /dev/dri/render* in turn. TODO: Accept /dev/dri/card*, too?
+       glob_t g;
+       int err = glob("/dev/dri/renderD*", 0, nullptr, &g);
+       if (err != 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't list render nodes (%s) when trying to autodetect a replacement.\n", strerror(errno));
+       } else {
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < g.gl_pathc; ++i) {
+                       string path = g.gl_pathv[i];
+                       va_dpy = try_open_va(path, nullptr, nullptr);
+                       if (va_dpy != nullptr) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Autodetected %s as a suitable replacement; using it.\n",
+                                       path.c_str());
+                               globfree(&g);
+                               if (need_env_reset) {
+                                       unsetenv("LIBVA_MESSAGING_LEVEL");
+                               }
+                               return path;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       fprintf(stderr, "No suitable VA-API H.264 encoders were found in /dev/dri; giving up.\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "Note that if you are using an Intel CPU with an external GPU,\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "you may need to enable the integrated Intel GPU in your BIOS\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "to expose Quick Sync. Alternatively, you can use --record-x264-video\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "to use software instead of hardware H.264 encoding, at the expense\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "of increased CPU usage and possibly bit rate.\n");
+       exit(1);
+}