/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
- Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
-#include <cstring>
+#include <cstring> // For std::memset
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include "evaluate.h"
+#include "misc.h"
#include "movegen.h"
#include "movepick.h"
-#include "notation.h"
-#include "rkiss.h"
#include "search.h"
#include "timeman.h"
#include "thread.h"
#include "tt.h"
-#include "ucioption.h"
+#include "uci.h"
+#include "syzygy/tbprobe.h"
namespace Search {
- volatile SignalsType Signals;
+ SignalsType Signals;
LimitsType Limits;
- std::vector<RootMove> RootMoves;
- Position RootPos;
- Time::point SearchTime;
- StateStackPtr SetupStates;
}
+namespace Tablebases {
+
+ int Cardinality;
+ uint64_t Hits;
+ bool RootInTB;
+ bool UseRule50;
+ Depth ProbeDepth;
+ Value Score;
+}
+
+namespace TB = Tablebases;
+
using std::string;
using Eval::evaluate;
using namespace Search;
namespace {
- // Different node types, used as template parameter
- enum NodeType { Root, PV, NonPV };
+ // Different node types, used as a template parameter
+ enum NodeType { NonPV, PV };
- // Dynamic razoring margin based on depth
- inline Value razor_margin(Depth d) { return Value(512 + 32 * d); }
+ // Razoring and futility margin based on depth
+ const int razor_margin[4] = { 483, 570, 603, 554 };
+ Value futility_margin(Depth d) { return Value(200 * d); }
- // Futility lookup tables (initialized at startup) and their access functions
- int FutilityMoveCounts[2][32]; // [improving][depth]
+ // Futility and reductions lookup tables, initialized at startup
+ int FutilityMoveCounts[2][16]; // [improving][depth]
+ Depth Reductions[2][2][64][64]; // [pv][improving][depth][moveNumber]
- inline Value futility_margin(Depth d) {
- return Value(200 * d);
+ template <bool PvNode> Depth reduction(bool i, Depth d, int mn) {
+ return Reductions[PvNode][i][std::min(d, 63 * ONE_PLY)][std::min(mn, 63)];
}
- // Reduction lookup tables (initialized at startup) and their access function
- int8_t Reductions[2][2][64][64]; // [pv][improving][depth][moveNumber]
+ // Skill structure is used to implement strength limit
+ struct Skill {
+ Skill(int l) : level(l) {}
+ bool enabled() const { return level < 20; }
+ bool time_to_pick(Depth depth) const { return depth / ONE_PLY == 1 + level; }
+ Move best_move(size_t multiPV) { return best ? best : pick_best(multiPV); }
+ Move pick_best(size_t multiPV);
+
+ int level;
+ Move best = MOVE_NONE;
+ };
- template <bool PvNode> inline Depth reduction(bool i, Depth d, int mn) {
- return (Depth) Reductions[PvNode][i][std::min(int(d), 63)][std::min(mn, 63)];
- }
+ // EasyMoveManager structure is used to detect an 'easy move'. When the PV is
+ // stable across multiple search iterations, we can quickly return the best move.
+ struct EasyMoveManager {
+
+ void clear() {
+ stableCnt = 0;
+ expectedPosKey = 0;
+ pv[0] = pv[1] = pv[2] = MOVE_NONE;
+ }
+
+ Move get(Key key) const {
+ return expectedPosKey == key ? pv[2] : MOVE_NONE;
+ }
+
+ void update(Position& pos, const std::vector<Move>& newPv) {
+
+ assert(newPv.size() >= 3);
+
+ // Keep track of how many times in a row the 3rd ply remains stable
+ stableCnt = (newPv[2] == pv[2]) ? stableCnt + 1 : 0;
+
+ if (!std::equal(newPv.begin(), newPv.begin() + 3, pv))
+ {
+ std::copy(newPv.begin(), newPv.begin() + 3, pv);
+
+ StateInfo st[2];
+ pos.do_move(newPv[0], st[0], pos.gives_check(newPv[0], CheckInfo(pos)));
+ pos.do_move(newPv[1], st[1], pos.gives_check(newPv[1], CheckInfo(pos)));
+ expectedPosKey = pos.key();
+ pos.undo_move(newPv[1]);
+ pos.undo_move(newPv[0]);
+ }
+ }
- size_t PVIdx;
- TimeManager TimeMgr;
- double BestMoveChanges;
+ int stableCnt;
+ Key expectedPosKey;
+ Move pv[3];
+ };
+
+ // Set of rows with half bits set to 1 and half to 0. It is used to allocate
+ // the search depths across the threads.
+ typedef std::vector<int> Row;
+
+ const Row HalfDensity[] = {
+ {0, 1},
+ {1, 0},
+ {0, 0, 1, 1},
+ {0, 1, 1, 0},
+ {1, 1, 0, 0},
+ {1, 0, 0, 1},
+ {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
+ {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+ {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+ {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
+ {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
+ {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1},
+ {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1},
+ {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
+ {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ,0},
+ {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ,0},
+ {1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ,0},
+ {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ,1},
+ {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ,1},
+ {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ,1},
+ };
+
+ const size_t HalfDensitySize = std::extent<decltype(HalfDensity)>::value;
+
+ EasyMoveManager EasyMove;
Value DrawValue[COLOR_NB];
- HistoryStats History;
- GainsStats Gains;
- MovesStats Countermoves, Followupmoves;
+ CounterMoveHistoryStats CounterMoveHistory;
- template <NodeType NT, bool SpNode>
+ template <NodeType NT>
Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode);
template <NodeType NT, bool InCheck>
Value qsearch(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth);
- void id_loop(Position& pos);
Value value_to_tt(Value v, int ply);
Value value_from_tt(Value v, int ply);
+ void update_pv(Move* pv, Move move, Move* childPv);
void update_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move, Depth depth, Move* quiets, int quietsCnt);
- string uci_pv(const Position& pos, int depth, Value alpha, Value beta);
-
- struct Skill {
- Skill(int l, size_t rootSize) : level(l),
- candidates(l < 20 ? std::min(4, (int)rootSize) : 0),
- best(MOVE_NONE) {}
- ~Skill() {
- if (candidates) // Swap best PV line with the sub-optimal one
- std::swap(RootMoves[0], *std::find(RootMoves.begin(),
- RootMoves.end(), best ? best : pick_move()));
- }
-
- size_t candidates_size() const { return candidates; }
- bool time_to_pick(int depth) const { return depth == 1 + level; }
- Move pick_move();
-
- int level;
- size_t candidates;
- Move best;
- };
+ void check_time();
} // namespace
void Search::init() {
- int d; // depth (ONE_PLY == 2)
- int hd; // half depth (ONE_PLY == 1)
- int mc; // moveCount
+ for (int imp = 0; imp <= 1; ++imp)
+ for (int d = 1; d < 64; ++d)
+ for (int mc = 1; mc < 64; ++mc)
+ {
+ double r = log(d) * log(mc) / 2;
+ if (r < 0.80)
+ continue;
+
+ Reductions[NonPV][imp][d][mc] = int(std::round(r)) * ONE_PLY;
+ Reductions[PV][imp][d][mc] = std::max(Reductions[NonPV][imp][d][mc] - ONE_PLY, DEPTH_ZERO);
+
+ // Increase reduction for non-PV nodes when eval is not improving
+ if (!imp && Reductions[NonPV][imp][d][mc] >= 2 * ONE_PLY)
+ Reductions[NonPV][imp][d][mc] += ONE_PLY;
+ }
- // Init reductions array
- for (hd = 1; hd < 64; ++hd) for (mc = 1; mc < 64; ++mc)
+ for (int d = 0; d < 16; ++d)
{
- double pvRed = 0.00 + log(double(hd)) * log(double(mc)) / 3.00;
- double nonPVRed = 0.33 + log(double(hd)) * log(double(mc)) / 2.25;
+ FutilityMoveCounts[0][d] = int(2.4 + 0.773 * pow(d + 0.00, 1.8));
+ FutilityMoveCounts[1][d] = int(2.9 + 1.045 * pow(d + 0.49, 1.8));
+ }
+}
- Reductions[1][1][hd][mc] = int8_t( pvRed >= 1.0 ? pvRed + 0.5: 0);
- Reductions[0][1][hd][mc] = int8_t(nonPVRed >= 1.0 ? nonPVRed + 0.5: 0);
- Reductions[1][0][hd][mc] = Reductions[1][1][hd][mc];
- Reductions[0][0][hd][mc] = Reductions[0][1][hd][mc];
+/// Search::clear() resets search state to zero, to obtain reproducible results
- if (Reductions[0][0][hd][mc] >= 2)
- Reductions[0][0][hd][mc] += 1;
- }
+void Search::clear() {
+
+ TT.clear();
+ CounterMoveHistory.clear();
- // Init futility move count array
- for (d = 0; d < 32; ++d)
+ for (Thread* th : Threads)
{
- FutilityMoveCounts[0][d] = int(2.4 + 0.773 * pow(d + 0.00, 1.8));
- FutilityMoveCounts[1][d] = int(2.9 + 1.045 * pow(d + 0.49, 1.8));
+ th->history.clear();
+ th->counterMoves.clear();
}
+
+ Threads.main()->previousScore = VALUE_INFINITE;
}
/// Search::perft() is our utility to verify move generation. All the leaf nodes
-/// up to the given depth are generated and counted and the sum returned.
+/// up to the given depth are generated and counted, and the sum is returned.
template<bool Root>
uint64_t Search::perft(Position& pos, Depth depth) {
CheckInfo ci(pos);
const bool leaf = (depth == 2 * ONE_PLY);
- for (MoveList<LEGAL> it(pos); *it; ++it)
+ for (const auto& m : MoveList<LEGAL>(pos))
{
if (Root && depth <= ONE_PLY)
cnt = 1, nodes++;
else
{
- pos.do_move(*it, st, ci, pos.gives_check(*it, ci));
+ pos.do_move(m, st, pos.gives_check(m, ci));
cnt = leaf ? MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size() : perft<false>(pos, depth - ONE_PLY);
nodes += cnt;
- pos.undo_move(*it);
+ pos.undo_move(m);
}
if (Root)
- sync_cout << move_to_uci(*it, pos.is_chess960()) << ": " << cnt << sync_endl;
+ sync_cout << UCI::move(m, pos.is_chess960()) << ": " << cnt << sync_endl;
}
return nodes;
}
-template uint64_t Search::perft<true>(Position& pos, Depth depth);
+template uint64_t Search::perft<true>(Position&, Depth);
-/// Search::think() is the external interface to Stockfish's search, and is
-/// called by the main thread when the program receives the UCI 'go' command. It
-/// searches from RootPos and at the end prints the "bestmove" to output.
+/// MainThread::search() is called by the main thread when the program receives
+/// the UCI 'go' command. It searches from the root position and outputs the "bestmove".
-void Search::think() {
+void MainThread::search() {
- TimeMgr.init(Limits, RootPos.game_ply(), RootPos.side_to_move());
+ Color us = rootPos.side_to_move();
+ Time.init(Limits, us, rootPos.game_ply());
- int cf = Options["Contempt"] * PawnValueEg / 100; // From centipawns
- DrawValue[ RootPos.side_to_move()] = VALUE_DRAW - Value(cf);
- DrawValue[~RootPos.side_to_move()] = VALUE_DRAW + Value(cf);
+ int contempt = Options["Contempt"] * PawnValueEg / 100; // From centipawns
+ DrawValue[ us] = VALUE_DRAW - Value(contempt);
+ DrawValue[~us] = VALUE_DRAW + Value(contempt);
- if (RootMoves.empty())
+ TB::Hits = 0;
+ TB::RootInTB = false;
+ TB::UseRule50 = Options["Syzygy50MoveRule"];
+ TB::ProbeDepth = Options["SyzygyProbeDepth"] * ONE_PLY;
+ TB::Cardinality = Options["SyzygyProbeLimit"];
+
+ // Skip TB probing when no TB found: !TBLargest -> !TB::Cardinality
+ if (TB::Cardinality > TB::MaxCardinality)
{
- RootMoves.push_back(MOVE_NONE);
+ TB::Cardinality = TB::MaxCardinality;
+ TB::ProbeDepth = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ }
+
+ if (rootMoves.empty())
+ {
+ rootMoves.push_back(RootMove(MOVE_NONE));
sync_cout << "info depth 0 score "
- << score_to_uci(RootPos.checkers() ? -VALUE_MATE : VALUE_DRAW)
+ << UCI::value(rootPos.checkers() ? -VALUE_MATE : VALUE_DRAW)
<< sync_endl;
-
- goto finalize;
}
+ else
+ {
+ if ( TB::Cardinality >= rootPos.count<ALL_PIECES>(WHITE)
+ + rootPos.count<ALL_PIECES>(BLACK)
+ && !rootPos.can_castle(ANY_CASTLING))
+ {
+ // If the current root position is in the tablebases, then RootMoves
+ // contains only moves that preserve the draw or the win.
+ TB::RootInTB = Tablebases::root_probe(rootPos, rootMoves, TB::Score);
+
+ if (TB::RootInTB)
+ TB::Cardinality = 0; // Do not probe tablebases during the search
+
+ else // If DTZ tables are missing, use WDL tables as a fallback
+ {
+ // Filter out moves that do not preserve the draw or the win.
+ TB::RootInTB = Tablebases::root_probe_wdl(rootPos, rootMoves, TB::Score);
- // Reset the threads, still sleeping: will wake up at split time
- for (size_t i = 0; i < Threads.size(); ++i)
- Threads[i]->maxPly = 0;
+ // Only probe during search if winning
+ if (TB::Score <= VALUE_DRAW)
+ TB::Cardinality = 0;
+ }
- Threads.timer->run = true;
- Threads.timer->notify_one(); // Wake up the recurring timer
+ if (TB::RootInTB)
+ {
+ TB::Hits = rootMoves.size();
- id_loop(RootPos); // Let's start searching !
+ if (!TB::UseRule50)
+ TB::Score = TB::Score > VALUE_DRAW ? VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY - 1
+ : TB::Score < VALUE_DRAW ? -VALUE_MATE + MAX_PLY + 1
+ : VALUE_DRAW;
+ }
+ }
- Threads.timer->run = false; // Stop the timer
+ for (Thread* th : Threads)
+ if (th != this)
+ th->start_searching();
-finalize:
+ Thread::search(); // Let's start searching!
+ }
- // When search is stopped this info is not printed
- sync_cout << "info nodes " << RootPos.nodes_searched()
- << " time " << Time::now() - SearchTime + 1 << sync_endl;
+ // When playing in 'nodes as time' mode, subtract the searched nodes from
+ // the available ones before exiting.
+ if (Limits.npmsec)
+ Time.availableNodes += Limits.inc[us] - Threads.nodes_searched();
// When we reach the maximum depth, we can arrive here without a raise of
// Signals.stop. However, if we are pondering or in an infinite search,
if (!Signals.stop && (Limits.ponder || Limits.infinite))
{
Signals.stopOnPonderhit = true;
- RootPos.this_thread()->wait_for(Signals.stop);
+ wait(Signals.stop);
}
- // Best move could be MOVE_NONE when searching on a stalemate position
- sync_cout << "bestmove " << move_to_uci(RootMoves[0].pv[0], RootPos.is_chess960())
- << " ponder " << move_to_uci(RootMoves[0].pv[1], RootPos.is_chess960())
- << sync_endl;
+ // Stop the threads if not already stopped
+ Signals.stop = true;
+
+ // Wait until all threads have finished
+ for (Thread* th : Threads)
+ if (th != this)
+ th->wait_for_search_finished();
+
+ // Check if there are threads with a better score than main thread
+ Thread* bestThread = this;
+ if ( !this->easyMovePlayed
+ && Options["MultiPV"] == 1
+ && !Limits.depth
+ && !Skill(Options["Skill Level"]).enabled()
+ && rootMoves[0].pv[0] != MOVE_NONE)
+ {
+ for (Thread* th : Threads)
+ if ( th->completedDepth > bestThread->completedDepth
+ && th->rootMoves[0].score > bestThread->rootMoves[0].score)
+ bestThread = th;
+ }
+
+ previousScore = bestThread->rootMoves[0].score;
+
+ // Send new PV when needed
+ if (bestThread != this)
+ sync_cout << UCI::pv(bestThread->rootPos, bestThread->completedDepth, -VALUE_INFINITE, VALUE_INFINITE) << sync_endl;
+
+ sync_cout << "bestmove " << UCI::move(bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv[0], rootPos.is_chess960());
+
+ if (bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv.size() > 1 || bestThread->rootMoves[0].extract_ponder_from_tt(rootPos))
+ std::cout << " ponder " << UCI::move(bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv[1], rootPos.is_chess960());
+
+ std::cout << sync_endl;
}
-namespace {
+// Thread::search() is the main iterative deepening loop. It calls search()
+// repeatedly with increasing depth until the allocated thinking time has been
+// consumed, the user stops the search, or the maximum search depth is reached.
- // id_loop() is the main iterative deepening loop. It calls search() repeatedly
- // with increasing depth until the allocated thinking time has been consumed,
- // user stops the search, or the maximum search depth is reached.
+void Thread::search() {
- void id_loop(Position& pos) {
+ Stack stack[MAX_PLY+7], *ss = stack+5; // To allow referencing (ss-5) and (ss+2)
+ Value bestValue, alpha, beta, delta;
+ Move easyMove = MOVE_NONE;
+ MainThread* mainThread = (this == Threads.main() ? Threads.main() : nullptr);
- Stack stack[MAX_PLY_PLUS_6], *ss = stack+2; // To allow referencing (ss-2)
- int depth;
- Value bestValue, alpha, beta, delta;
+ std::memset(ss-5, 0, 8 * sizeof(Stack));
- std::memset(ss-2, 0, 5 * sizeof(Stack));
+ bestValue = delta = alpha = -VALUE_INFINITE;
+ beta = VALUE_INFINITE;
+ completedDepth = DEPTH_ZERO;
- depth = 0;
- BestMoveChanges = 0;
- bestValue = delta = alpha = -VALUE_INFINITE;
- beta = VALUE_INFINITE;
+ if (mainThread)
+ {
+ easyMove = EasyMove.get(rootPos.key());
+ EasyMove.clear();
+ mainThread->easyMovePlayed = mainThread->failedLow = false;
+ mainThread->bestMoveChanges = 0;
+ TT.new_search();
+ }
- TT.new_search();
- History.clear();
- Gains.clear();
- Countermoves.clear();
- Followupmoves.clear();
+ size_t multiPV = Options["MultiPV"];
+ Skill skill(Options["Skill Level"]);
- size_t multiPV = Options["MultiPV"];
- Skill skill(Options["Skill Level"], RootMoves.size());
+ // When playing with strength handicap enable MultiPV search that we will
+ // use behind the scenes to retrieve a set of possible moves.
+ if (skill.enabled())
+ multiPV = std::max(multiPV, (size_t)4);
- // Do we have to play with skill handicap? In this case enable MultiPV search
- // that we will use behind the scenes to retrieve a set of possible moves.
- multiPV = std::max(multiPV, skill.candidates_size());
+ multiPV = std::min(multiPV, rootMoves.size());
- // Iterative deepening loop until requested to stop or target depth reached
- while (++depth <= MAX_PLY && !Signals.stop && (!Limits.depth || depth <= Limits.depth))
- {
- // Age out PV variability metric
- BestMoveChanges *= 0.5;
+ // Iterative deepening loop until requested to stop or the target depth is reached.
+ while (++rootDepth < DEPTH_MAX && !Signals.stop && (!Limits.depth || Threads.main()->rootDepth <= Limits.depth))
+ {
+ // Set up the new depths for the helper threads skipping on average every
+ // 2nd ply (using a half-density matrix).
+ if (!mainThread)
+ {
+ const Row& row = HalfDensity[(idx - 1) % HalfDensitySize];
+ if (row[(rootDepth + rootPos.game_ply()) % row.size()])
+ continue;
+ }
- // Save the last iteration's scores before first PV line is searched and
- // all the move scores except the (new) PV are set to -VALUE_INFINITE.
- for (size_t i = 0; i < RootMoves.size(); ++i)
- RootMoves[i].prevScore = RootMoves[i].score;
+ // Age out PV variability metric
+ if (mainThread)
+ mainThread->bestMoveChanges *= 0.505, mainThread->failedLow = false;
- // MultiPV loop. We perform a full root search for each PV line
- for (PVIdx = 0; PVIdx < std::min(multiPV, RootMoves.size()) && !Signals.stop; ++PVIdx)
- {
- // Reset aspiration window starting size
- if (depth >= 5)
- {
- delta = Value(16);
- alpha = std::max(RootMoves[PVIdx].prevScore - delta,-VALUE_INFINITE);
- beta = std::min(RootMoves[PVIdx].prevScore + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
- }
+ // Save the last iteration's scores before first PV line is searched and
+ // all the move scores except the (new) PV are set to -VALUE_INFINITE.
+ for (RootMove& rm : rootMoves)
+ rm.previousScore = rm.score;
- // Start with a small aspiration window and, in the case of a fail
- // high/low, re-search with a bigger window until we're not failing
- // high/low anymore.
- while (true)
- {
- bestValue = search<Root, false>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, depth * ONE_PLY, false);
-
- // Bring the best move to the front. It is critical that sorting
- // is done with a stable algorithm because all the values but the
- // first and eventually the new best one are set to -VALUE_INFINITE
- // and we want to keep the same order for all the moves except the
- // new PV that goes to the front. Note that in case of MultiPV
- // search the already searched PV lines are preserved.
- std::stable_sort(RootMoves.begin() + PVIdx, RootMoves.end());
-
- // Write PV back to transposition table in case the relevant
- // entries have been overwritten during the search.
- for (size_t i = 0; i <= PVIdx; ++i)
- RootMoves[i].insert_pv_in_tt(pos);
-
- // If search has been stopped break immediately. Sorting and
- // writing PV back to TT is safe because RootMoves is still
- // valid, although it refers to previous iteration.
- if (Signals.stop)
- break;
-
- // When failing high/low give some update (without cluttering
- // the UI) before a re-search.
- if ( (bestValue <= alpha || bestValue >= beta)
- && Time::now() - SearchTime > 3000)
- sync_cout << uci_pv(pos, depth, alpha, beta) << sync_endl;
-
- // In case of failing low/high increase aspiration window and
- // re-search, otherwise exit the loop.
- if (bestValue <= alpha)
- {
- alpha = std::max(bestValue - delta, -VALUE_INFINITE);
-
- Signals.failedLowAtRoot = true;
- Signals.stopOnPonderhit = false;
- }
- else if (bestValue >= beta)
- beta = std::min(bestValue + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
-
- else
- break;
-
- delta += 3 * delta / 8;
-
- assert(alpha >= -VALUE_INFINITE && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
- }
+ // MultiPV loop. We perform a full root search for each PV line
+ for (PVIdx = 0; PVIdx < multiPV && !Signals.stop; ++PVIdx)
+ {
+ // Reset aspiration window starting size
+ if (rootDepth >= 5 * ONE_PLY)
+ {
+ delta = Value(18);
+ alpha = std::max(rootMoves[PVIdx].previousScore - delta,-VALUE_INFINITE);
+ beta = std::min(rootMoves[PVIdx].previousScore + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
+ }
- // Sort the PV lines searched so far and update the GUI
- std::stable_sort(RootMoves.begin(), RootMoves.begin() + PVIdx + 1);
+ // Start with a small aspiration window and, in the case of a fail
+ // high/low, re-search with a bigger window until we're not failing
+ // high/low anymore.
+ while (true)
+ {
+ bestValue = ::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, rootDepth, false);
+
+ // Bring the best move to the front. It is critical that sorting
+ // is done with a stable algorithm because all the values but the
+ // first and eventually the new best one are set to -VALUE_INFINITE
+ // and we want to keep the same order for all the moves except the
+ // new PV that goes to the front. Note that in case of MultiPV
+ // search the already searched PV lines are preserved.
+ std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin() + PVIdx, rootMoves.end());
+
+ // Write PV back to the transposition table in case the relevant
+ // entries have been overwritten during the search.
+ for (size_t i = 0; i <= PVIdx; ++i)
+ rootMoves[i].insert_pv_in_tt(rootPos);
+
+ // If search has been stopped, break immediately. Sorting and
+ // writing PV back to TT is safe because RootMoves is still
+ // valid, although it refers to the previous iteration.
+ if (Signals.stop)
+ break;
- if (PVIdx + 1 == std::min(multiPV, RootMoves.size()) || Time::now() - SearchTime > 3000)
- sync_cout << uci_pv(pos, depth, alpha, beta) << sync_endl;
- }
+ // When failing high/low give some update (without cluttering
+ // the UI) before a re-search.
+ if ( mainThread
+ && multiPV == 1
+ && (bestValue <= alpha || bestValue >= beta)
+ && Time.elapsed() > 3000)
+ sync_cout << UCI::pv(rootPos, rootDepth, alpha, beta) << sync_endl;
+
+ // In case of failing low/high increase aspiration window and
+ // re-search, otherwise exit the loop.
+ if (bestValue <= alpha)
+ {
+ beta = (alpha + beta) / 2;
+ alpha = std::max(bestValue - delta, -VALUE_INFINITE);
- // If skill levels are enabled and time is up, pick a sub-optimal best move
- if (skill.candidates_size() && skill.time_to_pick(depth))
- skill.pick_move();
+ if (mainThread)
+ {
+ mainThread->failedLow = true;
+ Signals.stopOnPonderhit = false;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (bestValue >= beta)
+ {
+ alpha = (alpha + beta) / 2;
+ beta = std::min(bestValue + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
+ }
+ else
+ break;
- // Have we found a "mate in x"?
- if ( Limits.mate
- && bestValue >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY
- && VALUE_MATE - bestValue <= 2 * Limits.mate)
- Signals.stop = true;
+ delta += delta / 4 + 5;
- // Do we have time for the next iteration? Can we stop searching now?
- if (Limits.use_time_management() && !Signals.stop && !Signals.stopOnPonderhit)
- {
- // Take some extra time if the best move has changed
- if (depth > 4 && multiPV == 1)
- TimeMgr.pv_instability(BestMoveChanges);
-
- // Stop the search if only one legal move is available or all
- // of the available time has been used.
- if ( RootMoves.size() == 1
- || Time::now() - SearchTime > TimeMgr.available_time())
- {
- // If we are allowed to ponder do not stop the search now but
- // keep pondering until the GUI sends "ponderhit" or "stop".
- if (Limits.ponder)
- Signals.stopOnPonderhit = true;
- else
- Signals.stop = true;
- }
- }
- }
+ assert(alpha >= -VALUE_INFINITE && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
+ }
+
+ // Sort the PV lines searched so far and update the GUI
+ std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin(), rootMoves.begin() + PVIdx + 1);
+
+ if (!mainThread)
+ break;
+
+ if (Signals.stop)
+ sync_cout << "info nodes " << Threads.nodes_searched()
+ << " time " << Time.elapsed() << sync_endl;
+
+ else if (PVIdx + 1 == multiPV || Time.elapsed() > 3000)
+ sync_cout << UCI::pv(rootPos, rootDepth, alpha, beta) << sync_endl;
+ }
+
+ if (!Signals.stop)
+ completedDepth = rootDepth;
+
+ if (!mainThread)
+ continue;
+
+ // If skill level is enabled and time is up, pick a sub-optimal best move
+ if (skill.enabled() && skill.time_to_pick(rootDepth))
+ skill.pick_best(multiPV);
+
+ // Have we found a "mate in x"?
+ if ( Limits.mate
+ && bestValue >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY
+ && VALUE_MATE - bestValue <= 2 * Limits.mate)
+ Signals.stop = true;
+
+ // Do we have time for the next iteration? Can we stop searching now?
+ if (Limits.use_time_management())
+ {
+ if (!Signals.stop && !Signals.stopOnPonderhit)
+ {
+ // Stop the search if only one legal move is available, or if all
+ // of the available time has been used, or if we matched an easyMove
+ // from the previous search and just did a fast verification.
+ const bool F[] = { !mainThread->failedLow,
+ bestValue >= mainThread->previousScore };
+
+ int improvingFactor = 640 - 160*F[0] - 126*F[1] - 124*F[0]*F[1];
+ double unstablePvFactor = 1 + mainThread->bestMoveChanges;
+
+ bool doEasyMove = rootMoves[0].pv[0] == easyMove
+ && mainThread->bestMoveChanges < 0.03
+ && Time.elapsed() > Time.optimum() * 25 / 204;
+
+ if ( rootMoves.size() == 1
+ || Time.elapsed() > Time.optimum() * unstablePvFactor * improvingFactor / 634
+ || (mainThread->easyMovePlayed = doEasyMove))
+ {
+ // If we are allowed to ponder do not stop the search now but
+ // keep pondering until the GUI sends "ponderhit" or "stop".
+ if (Limits.ponder)
+ Signals.stopOnPonderhit = true;
+ else
+ Signals.stop = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (rootMoves[0].pv.size() >= 3)
+ EasyMove.update(rootPos, rootMoves[0].pv);
+ else
+ EasyMove.clear();
+ }
}
+ if (!mainThread)
+ return;
+
+ // Clear any candidate easy move that wasn't stable for the last search
+ // iterations; the second condition prevents consecutive fast moves.
+ if (EasyMove.stableCnt < 6 || mainThread->easyMovePlayed)
+ EasyMove.clear();
+
+ // If skill level is enabled, swap best PV line with the sub-optimal one
+ if (skill.enabled())
+ std::swap(rootMoves[0], *std::find(rootMoves.begin(),
+ rootMoves.end(), skill.best_move(multiPV)));
+}
+
+
+namespace {
- // search<>() is the main search function for both PV and non-PV nodes and for
- // normal and SplitPoint nodes. When called just after a split point the search
- // is simpler because we have already probed the hash table, done a null move
- // search, and searched the first move before splitting, so we don't have to
- // repeat all this work again. We also don't need to store anything to the hash
- // table here: This is taken care of after we return from the split point.
+ // search<>() is the main search function for both PV and non-PV nodes
- template <NodeType NT, bool SpNode>
+ template <NodeType NT>
Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode) {
- const bool RootNode = NT == Root;
- const bool PvNode = NT == PV || NT == Root;
+ const bool PvNode = NT == PV;
+ const bool rootNode = PvNode && (ss-1)->ply == 0;
assert(-VALUE_INFINITE <= alpha && alpha < beta && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
assert(PvNode || (alpha == beta - 1));
- assert(depth > DEPTH_ZERO);
+ assert(DEPTH_ZERO < depth && depth < DEPTH_MAX);
- Move quietsSearched[64];
+ Move pv[MAX_PLY+1], quietsSearched[64];
StateInfo st;
- const TTEntry *tte;
- SplitPoint* splitPoint;
+ TTEntry* tte;
Key posKey;
Move ttMove, move, excludedMove, bestMove;
- Depth ext, newDepth, predictedDepth;
+ Depth extension, newDepth, predictedDepth;
Value bestValue, value, ttValue, eval, nullValue, futilityValue;
- bool inCheck, givesCheck, pvMove, singularExtensionNode, improving;
- bool captureOrPromotion, dangerous, doFullDepthSearch;
+ bool ttHit, inCheck, givesCheck, singularExtensionNode, improving;
+ bool captureOrPromotion, doFullDepthSearch;
int moveCount, quietCount;
// Step 1. Initialize node
Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ moveCount = quietCount = ss->moveCount = 0;
+ bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
+ ss->ply = (ss-1)->ply + 1;
- if (SpNode)
+ // Check for the available remaining time
+ if (thisThread->resetCalls.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
{
- splitPoint = ss->splitPoint;
- bestMove = splitPoint->bestMove;
- bestValue = splitPoint->bestValue;
- tte = NULL;
- ttMove = excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
- ttValue = VALUE_NONE;
-
- assert(splitPoint->bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && splitPoint->moveCount > 0);
-
- goto moves_loop;
+ thisThread->resetCalls = false;
+ thisThread->callsCnt = 0;
}
+ if (++thisThread->callsCnt > 4096)
+ {
+ for (Thread* th : Threads)
+ th->resetCalls = true;
- moveCount = quietCount = 0;
- bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
- ss->currentMove = ss->ttMove = (ss+1)->excludedMove = bestMove = MOVE_NONE;
- ss->ply = (ss-1)->ply + 1;
- (ss+1)->skipNullMove = false; (ss+1)->reduction = DEPTH_ZERO;
- (ss+2)->killers[0] = (ss+2)->killers[1] = MOVE_NONE;
+ check_time();
+ }
// Used to send selDepth info to GUI
if (PvNode && thisThread->maxPly < ss->ply)
thisThread->maxPly = ss->ply;
- if (!RootNode)
+ if (!rootNode)
{
// Step 2. Check for aborted search and immediate draw
- if (Signals.stop || pos.is_draw() || ss->ply > MAX_PLY)
- return ss->ply > MAX_PLY && !inCheck ? evaluate(pos) : DrawValue[pos.side_to_move()];
+ if (Signals.stop.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) || pos.is_draw() || ss->ply >= MAX_PLY)
+ return ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !inCheck ? evaluate(pos)
+ : DrawValue[pos.side_to_move()];
// Step 3. Mate distance pruning. Even if we mate at the next move our score
// would be at best mate_in(ss->ply+1), but if alpha is already bigger because
return alpha;
}
- // Step 4. Transposition table lookup
- // We don't want the score of a partial search to overwrite a previous full search
- // TT value, so we use a different position key in case of an excluded move.
+ assert(0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY);
+
+ ss->currentMove = (ss+1)->excludedMove = bestMove = MOVE_NONE;
+ ss->counterMoves = nullptr;
+ (ss+1)->skipEarlyPruning = false;
+ (ss+2)->killers[0] = (ss+2)->killers[1] = MOVE_NONE;
+
+ // Step 4. Transposition table lookup. We don't want the score of a partial
+ // search to overwrite a previous full search TT value, so we use a different
+ // position key in case of an excluded move.
excludedMove = ss->excludedMove;
posKey = excludedMove ? pos.exclusion_key() : pos.key();
- tte = TT.probe(posKey);
- ss->ttMove = ttMove = RootNode ? RootMoves[PVIdx].pv[0] : tte ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
- ttValue = tte ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
-
- // At PV nodes we check for exact scores, whilst at non-PV nodes we check for
- // a fail high/low. The biggest advantage to probing at PV nodes is to have a
- // smooth experience in analysis mode. We don't probe at Root nodes otherwise
- // we should also update RootMoveList to avoid bogus output.
- if ( !RootNode
- && tte
+ tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
+ ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
+ ttMove = rootNode ? thisThread->rootMoves[thisThread->PVIdx].pv[0]
+ : ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
+
+ // At non-PV nodes we check for an early TT cutoff
+ if ( !PvNode
+ && ttHit
&& tte->depth() >= depth
- && ttValue != VALUE_NONE // Only in case of TT access race
- && ( PvNode ? tte->bound() == BOUND_EXACT
- : ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
- : (tte->bound() & BOUND_UPPER)))
+ && ttValue != VALUE_NONE // Possible in case of TT access race
+ && (ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
+ : (tte->bound() & BOUND_UPPER)))
{
ss->currentMove = ttMove; // Can be MOVE_NONE
- // If ttMove is quiet, update killers, history, counter move and followup move on TT hit
- if (ttValue >= beta && ttMove && !pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove) && !inCheck)
- update_stats(pos, ss, ttMove, depth, NULL, 0);
+ // If ttMove is quiet, update killers, history, counter move on TT hit
+ if (ttValue >= beta && ttMove && !pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
+ update_stats(pos, ss, ttMove, depth, nullptr, 0);
return ttValue;
}
- // Step 5. Evaluate the position statically and update parent's gain statistics
+ // Step 4a. Tablebase probe
+ if (!rootNode && TB::Cardinality)
+ {
+ int piecesCnt = pos.count<ALL_PIECES>(WHITE) + pos.count<ALL_PIECES>(BLACK);
+
+ if ( piecesCnt <= TB::Cardinality
+ && (piecesCnt < TB::Cardinality || depth >= TB::ProbeDepth)
+ && pos.rule50_count() == 0
+ && !pos.can_castle(ANY_CASTLING))
+ {
+ int found, v = Tablebases::probe_wdl(pos, &found);
+
+ if (found)
+ {
+ TB::Hits++;
+
+ int drawScore = TB::UseRule50 ? 1 : 0;
+
+ value = v < -drawScore ? -VALUE_MATE + MAX_PLY + ss->ply
+ : v > drawScore ? VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY - ss->ply
+ : VALUE_DRAW + 2 * v * drawScore;
+
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), BOUND_EXACT,
+ std::min(DEPTH_MAX - ONE_PLY, depth + 6 * ONE_PLY),
+ MOVE_NONE, VALUE_NONE, TT.generation());
+
+ return value;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Step 5. Evaluate the position statically
if (inCheck)
{
ss->staticEval = eval = VALUE_NONE;
goto moves_loop;
}
- else if (tte)
+ else if (ttHit)
{
// Never assume anything on values stored in TT
- if ((ss->staticEval = eval = tte->eval_value()) == VALUE_NONE)
+ if ((ss->staticEval = eval = tte->eval()) == VALUE_NONE)
eval = ss->staticEval = evaluate(pos);
// Can ttValue be used as a better position evaluation?
else
{
eval = ss->staticEval =
- (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL ? evaluate(pos) : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
+ (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL ? evaluate(pos)
+ : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
- TT.store(posKey, VALUE_NONE, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, ss->staticEval);
+ tte->save(posKey, VALUE_NONE, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE,
+ ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
}
- if ( !pos.captured_piece_type()
- && ss->staticEval != VALUE_NONE
- && (ss-1)->staticEval != VALUE_NONE
- && (move = (ss-1)->currentMove) != MOVE_NULL
- && move != MOVE_NONE
- && type_of(move) == NORMAL)
- {
- Square to = to_sq(move);
- Gains.update(pos.piece_on(to), to, -(ss-1)->staticEval - ss->staticEval);
- }
+ if (ss->skipEarlyPruning)
+ goto moves_loop;
// Step 6. Razoring (skipped when in check)
if ( !PvNode
&& depth < 4 * ONE_PLY
- && eval + razor_margin(depth) <= alpha
- && ttMove == MOVE_NONE
- && !pos.pawn_on_7th(pos.side_to_move()))
+ && eval + razor_margin[depth] <= alpha
+ && ttMove == MOVE_NONE)
{
if ( depth <= ONE_PLY
- && eval + razor_margin(3 * ONE_PLY) <= alpha)
+ && eval + razor_margin[3 * ONE_PLY] <= alpha)
return qsearch<NonPV, false>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, DEPTH_ZERO);
- Value ralpha = alpha - razor_margin(depth);
+ Value ralpha = alpha - razor_margin[depth];
Value v = qsearch<NonPV, false>(pos, ss, ralpha, ralpha+1, DEPTH_ZERO);
if (v <= ralpha)
return v;
}
// Step 7. Futility pruning: child node (skipped when in check)
- if ( !PvNode
- && !ss->skipNullMove
+ if ( !rootNode
&& depth < 7 * ONE_PLY
&& eval - futility_margin(depth) >= beta
&& eval < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN // Do not return unproven wins
// Step 8. Null move search with verification search (is omitted in PV nodes)
if ( !PvNode
- && !ss->skipNullMove
&& depth >= 2 * ONE_PLY
&& eval >= beta
&& pos.non_pawn_material(pos.side_to_move()))
{
ss->currentMove = MOVE_NULL;
+ ss->counterMoves = nullptr;
assert(eval - beta >= 0);
// Null move dynamic reduction based on depth and value
- Depth R = (3 + depth / 4 + std::min(int(eval - beta) / PawnValueMg, 3)) * ONE_PLY;
+ Depth R = ((823 + 67 * depth) / 256 + std::min((eval - beta) / PawnValueMg, 3)) * ONE_PLY;
pos.do_null_move(st);
- (ss+1)->skipNullMove = true;
+ (ss+1)->skipEarlyPruning = true;
nullValue = depth-R < ONE_PLY ? -qsearch<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -beta+1, DEPTH_ZERO)
- : - search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -beta+1, depth-R, !cutNode);
- (ss+1)->skipNullMove = false;
+ : - search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -beta+1, depth-R, !cutNode);
+ (ss+1)->skipEarlyPruning = false;
pos.undo_null_move();
if (nullValue >= beta)
return nullValue;
// Do verification search at high depths
- ss->skipNullMove = true;
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = true;
Value v = depth-R < ONE_PLY ? qsearch<NonPV, false>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, DEPTH_ZERO)
- : search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, depth-R, false);
- ss->skipNullMove = false;
+ : search<NonPV>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, depth-R, false);
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = false;
if (v >= beta)
return nullValue;
// Step 9. ProbCut (skipped when in check)
// If we have a very good capture (i.e. SEE > seeValues[captured_piece_type])
- // and a reduced search returns a value much above beta, we can (almost) safely
- // prune the previous move.
+ // and a reduced search returns a value much above beta, we can (almost)
+ // safely prune the previous move.
if ( !PvNode
&& depth >= 5 * ONE_PLY
- && !ss->skipNullMove
&& abs(beta) < VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY)
{
Value rbeta = std::min(beta + 200, VALUE_INFINITE);
assert((ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NONE);
assert((ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL);
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, History, pos.captured_piece_type());
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, PieceValue[MG][pos.captured_piece_type()]);
CheckInfo ci(pos);
- while ((move = mp.next_move<false>()) != MOVE_NONE)
+ while ((move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE)
if (pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
{
ss->currentMove = move;
- pos.do_move(move, st, ci, pos.gives_check(move, ci));
- value = -search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -rbeta, -rbeta+1, rdepth, !cutNode);
+ ss->counterMoves = &CounterMoveHistory[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)];
+ pos.do_move(move, st, pos.gives_check(move, ci));
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -rbeta, -rbeta+1, rdepth, !cutNode);
pos.undo_move(move);
if (value >= rbeta)
return value;
&& !ttMove
&& (PvNode || ss->staticEval + 256 >= beta))
{
- Depth d = 2 * (depth - 2 * ONE_PLY) - (PvNode ? DEPTH_ZERO : depth / 2);
- ss->skipNullMove = true;
- search<PvNode ? PV : NonPV, false>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, d / 2, true);
- ss->skipNullMove = false;
+ Depth d = depth - 2 * ONE_PLY - (PvNode ? DEPTH_ZERO : depth / 4);
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = true;
+ search<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, d, true);
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = false;
- tte = TT.probe(posKey);
- ttMove = tte ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
+ tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
+ ttMove = ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
}
-moves_loop: // When in check and at SpNode search starts from here
-
- Square prevMoveSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
- Move countermoves[] = { Countermoves[pos.piece_on(prevMoveSq)][prevMoveSq].first,
- Countermoves[pos.piece_on(prevMoveSq)][prevMoveSq].second };
+moves_loop: // When in check search starts from here
- Square prevOwnMoveSq = to_sq((ss-2)->currentMove);
- Move followupmoves[] = { Followupmoves[pos.piece_on(prevOwnMoveSq)][prevOwnMoveSq].first,
- Followupmoves[pos.piece_on(prevOwnMoveSq)][prevOwnMoveSq].second };
+ Square prevSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
+ const CounterMoveStats& cmh = CounterMoveHistory[pos.piece_on(prevSq)][prevSq];
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, History, countermoves, followupmoves, ss);
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, ss);
CheckInfo ci(pos);
value = bestValue; // Workaround a bogus 'uninitialized' warning under gcc
improving = ss->staticEval >= (ss-2)->staticEval
|| ss->staticEval == VALUE_NONE
||(ss-2)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE;
- singularExtensionNode = !RootNode
- && !SpNode
+ singularExtensionNode = !rootNode
&& depth >= 8 * ONE_PLY
&& ttMove != MOVE_NONE
/* && ttValue != VALUE_NONE Already implicit in the next condition */
// Step 11. Loop through moves
// Loop through all pseudo-legal moves until no moves remain or a beta cutoff occurs
- while ((move = mp.next_move<SpNode>()) != MOVE_NONE)
+ while ((move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE)
{
assert(is_ok(move));
// At root obey the "searchmoves" option and skip moves not listed in Root
// Move List. As a consequence any illegal move is also skipped. In MultiPV
// mode we also skip PV moves which have been already searched.
- if (RootNode && !std::count(RootMoves.begin() + PVIdx, RootMoves.end(), move))
+ if (rootNode && !std::count(thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->PVIdx,
+ thisThread->rootMoves.end(), move))
continue;
- if (SpNode)
- {
- // Shared counter cannot be decremented later if the move turns out to be illegal
- if (!pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
- continue;
-
- moveCount = ++splitPoint->moveCount;
- splitPoint->mutex.unlock();
- }
- else
- ++moveCount;
+ ss->moveCount = ++moveCount;
- if (RootNode)
- {
- Signals.firstRootMove = (moveCount == 1);
+ if (rootNode && thisThread == Threads.main() && Time.elapsed() > 3000)
+ sync_cout << "info depth " << depth / ONE_PLY
+ << " currmove " << UCI::move(move, pos.is_chess960())
+ << " currmovenumber " << moveCount + thisThread->PVIdx << sync_endl;
- if (thisThread == Threads.main() && Time::now() - SearchTime > 3000)
- sync_cout << "info depth " << depth
- << " currmove " << move_to_uci(move, pos.is_chess960())
- << " currmovenumber " << moveCount + PVIdx << sync_endl;
- }
+ if (PvNode)
+ (ss+1)->pv = nullptr;
- ext = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ extension = DEPTH_ZERO;
captureOrPromotion = pos.capture_or_promotion(move);
givesCheck = type_of(move) == NORMAL && !ci.dcCandidates
- ? ci.checkSq[type_of(pos.piece_on(from_sq(move)))] & to_sq(move)
+ ? ci.checkSquares[type_of(pos.piece_on(from_sq(move)))] & to_sq(move)
: pos.gives_check(move, ci);
- dangerous = givesCheck
- || type_of(move) != NORMAL
- || pos.advanced_pawn_push(move);
-
// Step 12. Extend checks
if (givesCheck && pos.see_sign(move) >= VALUE_ZERO)
- ext = ONE_PLY;
+ extension = ONE_PLY;
// Singular extension search. If all moves but one fail low on a search of
// (alpha-s, beta-s), and just one fails high on (alpha, beta), then that move
// ttValue minus a margin then we extend the ttMove.
if ( singularExtensionNode
&& move == ttMove
- && !ext
+ && !extension
&& pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
{
- Value rBeta = ttValue - int(2 * depth);
+ Value rBeta = ttValue - 2 * depth / ONE_PLY;
ss->excludedMove = move;
- ss->skipNullMove = true;
- value = search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss, rBeta - 1, rBeta, depth / 2, cutNode);
- ss->skipNullMove = false;
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = true;
+ value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, rBeta - 1, rBeta, depth / 2, cutNode);
+ ss->skipEarlyPruning = false;
ss->excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
if (value < rBeta)
- ext = ONE_PLY;
+ extension = ONE_PLY;
}
// Update the current move (this must be done after singular extension search)
- newDepth = depth - ONE_PLY + ext;
+ newDepth = depth - ONE_PLY + extension;
- // Step 13. Pruning at shallow depth (exclude PV nodes)
- if ( !PvNode
+ // Step 13. Pruning at shallow depth
+ if ( !rootNode
&& !captureOrPromotion
&& !inCheck
- && !dangerous
- /* && move != ttMove Already implicit in the next condition */
+ && !givesCheck
+ && !pos.advanced_pawn_push(move)
&& bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY)
{
// Move count based pruning
if ( depth < 16 * ONE_PLY
&& moveCount >= FutilityMoveCounts[improving][depth])
- {
- if (SpNode)
- splitPoint->mutex.lock();
+ continue;
+ // History based pruning
+ if ( depth <= 4 * ONE_PLY
+ && move != ss->killers[0]
+ && thisThread->history[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)] < VALUE_ZERO
+ && cmh[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)] < VALUE_ZERO)
continue;
- }
- predictedDepth = newDepth - reduction<PvNode>(improving, depth, moveCount);
+ predictedDepth = std::max(newDepth - reduction<PvNode>(improving, depth, moveCount), DEPTH_ZERO);
// Futility pruning: parent node
if (predictedDepth < 7 * ONE_PLY)
{
- futilityValue = ss->staticEval + futility_margin(predictedDepth)
- + 128 + Gains[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)];
+ futilityValue = ss->staticEval + futility_margin(predictedDepth) + 256;
if (futilityValue <= alpha)
{
bestValue = std::max(bestValue, futilityValue);
-
- if (SpNode)
- {
- splitPoint->mutex.lock();
- if (bestValue > splitPoint->bestValue)
- splitPoint->bestValue = bestValue;
- }
continue;
}
}
// Prune moves with negative SEE at low depths
if (predictedDepth < 4 * ONE_PLY && pos.see_sign(move) < VALUE_ZERO)
- {
- if (SpNode)
- splitPoint->mutex.lock();
-
continue;
- }
}
// Speculative prefetch as early as possible
- prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(pos.key_after(move)));
+ prefetch(TT.first_entry(pos.key_after(move)));
// Check for legality just before making the move
- if (!RootNode && !SpNode && !pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
+ if (!rootNode && !pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
{
- moveCount--;
+ ss->moveCount = --moveCount;
continue;
}
- pvMove = PvNode && moveCount == 1;
ss->currentMove = move;
- if (!SpNode && !captureOrPromotion && quietCount < 64)
- quietsSearched[quietCount++] = move;
+ ss->counterMoves = &CounterMoveHistory[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)];
// Step 14. Make the move
- pos.do_move(move, st, ci, givesCheck);
+ pos.do_move(move, st, givesCheck);
// Step 15. Reduced depth search (LMR). If the move fails high it will be
// re-searched at full depth.
if ( depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY
- && !pvMove
- && !captureOrPromotion
- && move != ttMove
- && move != ss->killers[0]
- && move != ss->killers[1])
+ && moveCount > 1
+ && !captureOrPromotion)
{
- ss->reduction = reduction<PvNode>(improving, depth, moveCount);
+ Depth r = reduction<PvNode>(improving, depth, moveCount);
+ Value hValue = thisThread->history[pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))][to_sq(move)];
+ Value cmhValue = cmh[pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))][to_sq(move)];
- if ( (!PvNode && cutNode)
- || History[pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))][to_sq(move)] < 0)
- ss->reduction += ONE_PLY;
+ const CounterMoveStats* fm = (ss - 2)->counterMoves;
+ const CounterMoveStats* fm2 = (ss - 4)->counterMoves;
+ Value fmValue = (fm ? (*fm)[pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))][to_sq(move)] : VALUE_ZERO);
+ Value fm2Value = (fm2 ? (*fm2)[pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))][to_sq(move)] : VALUE_ZERO);
- if (move == countermoves[0] || move == countermoves[1])
- ss->reduction = std::max(DEPTH_ZERO, ss->reduction - ONE_PLY);
-
- // Decrease reduction for moves that escape a capture
- if ( ss->reduction
+ // Increase reduction for cut nodes and moves with a bad history
+ if ( (!PvNode && cutNode)
+ || (hValue < VALUE_ZERO && cmhValue <= VALUE_ZERO))
+ r += ONE_PLY;
+
+ // Decrease/increase reduction for moves with a good/bad history
+ int rHist = (hValue + cmhValue + fmValue + fm2Value) / 20000;
+ r = std::max(DEPTH_ZERO, r - rHist * ONE_PLY);
+
+ // Decrease reduction for moves that escape a capture. Filter out
+ // castling moves, because they are coded as "king captures rook" and
+ // hence break make_move(). Also use see() instead of see_sign(),
+ // because the destination square is empty.
+ if ( r
&& type_of(move) == NORMAL
&& type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))) != PAWN
- && pos.see(make_move(to_sq(move), from_sq(move))) < 0)
- ss->reduction = std::max(DEPTH_ZERO, ss->reduction - ONE_PLY);
+ && pos.see(make_move(to_sq(move), from_sq(move))) < VALUE_ZERO)
+ r = std::max(DEPTH_ZERO, r - ONE_PLY);
- Depth d = std::max(newDepth - ss->reduction, ONE_PLY);
- if (SpNode)
- alpha = splitPoint->alpha;
+ Depth d = std::max(newDepth - r, ONE_PLY);
- value = -search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true);
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true);
- // Re-search at intermediate depth if reduction is very high
- if (value > alpha && ss->reduction >= 4 * ONE_PLY)
- {
- Depth d2 = std::max(newDepth - 2 * ONE_PLY, ONE_PLY);
- value = -search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d2, true);
- }
-
- doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha && ss->reduction != DEPTH_ZERO);
- ss->reduction = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha && r != DEPTH_ZERO);
}
else
- doFullDepthSearch = !pvMove;
+ doFullDepthSearch = !PvNode || moveCount > 1;
- // Step 16. Full depth search, when LMR is skipped or fails high
+ // Step 16. Full depth search when LMR is skipped or fails high
if (doFullDepthSearch)
- {
- if (SpNode)
- alpha = splitPoint->alpha;
-
value = newDepth < ONE_PLY ?
givesCheck ? -qsearch<NonPV, true>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, DEPTH_ZERO)
: -qsearch<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, DEPTH_ZERO)
- : - search<NonPV, false>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, newDepth, !cutNode);
- }
+ : - search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, newDepth, !cutNode);
// For PV nodes only, do a full PV search on the first move or after a fail
// high (in the latter case search only if value < beta), otherwise let the
- // parent node fail low with value <= alpha and to try another move.
- if (PvNode && (pvMove || (value > alpha && (RootNode || value < beta))))
+ // parent node fail low with value <= alpha and try another move.
+ if (PvNode && (moveCount == 1 || (value > alpha && (rootNode || value < beta))))
+ {
+ (ss+1)->pv = pv;
+ (ss+1)->pv[0] = MOVE_NONE;
+
value = newDepth < ONE_PLY ?
givesCheck ? -qsearch<PV, true>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, DEPTH_ZERO)
: -qsearch<PV, false>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, DEPTH_ZERO)
- : - search<PV, false>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, newDepth, false);
+ : - search<PV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, newDepth, false);
+ }
+
// Step 17. Undo move
pos.undo_move(move);
assert(value > -VALUE_INFINITE && value < VALUE_INFINITE);
- // Step 18. Check for new best move
- if (SpNode)
- {
- splitPoint->mutex.lock();
- bestValue = splitPoint->bestValue;
- alpha = splitPoint->alpha;
- }
-
- // Finished searching the move. If a stop or a cutoff occurred, the return
- // value of the search cannot be trusted, and we return immediately without
+ // Step 18. Check for a new best move
+ // Finished searching the move. If a stop occurred, the return value of
+ // the search cannot be trusted, and we return immediately without
// updating best move, PV and TT.
- if (Signals.stop || thisThread->cutoff_occurred())
+ if (Signals.stop.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
return VALUE_ZERO;
- if (RootNode)
+ if (rootNode)
{
- RootMove& rm = *std::find(RootMoves.begin(), RootMoves.end(), move);
+ RootMove& rm = *std::find(thisThread->rootMoves.begin(),
+ thisThread->rootMoves.end(), move);
// PV move or new best move ?
- if (pvMove || value > alpha)
+ if (moveCount == 1 || value > alpha)
{
rm.score = value;
- rm.extract_pv_from_tt(pos);
+ rm.pv.resize(1);
+
+ assert((ss+1)->pv);
+
+ for (Move* m = (ss+1)->pv; *m != MOVE_NONE; ++m)
+ rm.pv.push_back(*m);
// We record how often the best move has been changed in each
// iteration. This information is used for time management: When
// the best move changes frequently, we allocate some more time.
- if (!pvMove)
- ++BestMoveChanges;
+ if (moveCount > 1 && thisThread == Threads.main())
+ ++static_cast<MainThread*>(thisThread)->bestMoveChanges;
}
else
// All other moves but the PV are set to the lowest value: this is
if (value > bestValue)
{
- bestValue = SpNode ? splitPoint->bestValue = value : value;
+ bestValue = value;
if (value > alpha)
{
- bestMove = SpNode ? splitPoint->bestMove = move : move;
+ // If there is an easy move for this position, clear it if unstable
+ if ( PvNode
+ && thisThread == Threads.main()
+ && EasyMove.get(pos.key())
+ && (move != EasyMove.get(pos.key()) || moveCount > 1))
+ EasyMove.clear();
+
+ bestMove = move;
+
+ if (PvNode && !rootNode) // Update pv even in fail-high case
+ update_pv(ss->pv, move, (ss+1)->pv);
if (PvNode && value < beta) // Update alpha! Always alpha < beta
- alpha = SpNode ? splitPoint->alpha = value : value;
+ alpha = value;
else
{
assert(value >= beta); // Fail high
-
- if (SpNode)
- splitPoint->cutoff = true;
-
break;
}
}
}
- // Step 19. Check for splitting the search
- if ( !SpNode
- && Threads.size() >= 2
- && depth >= Threads.minimumSplitDepth
- && ( !thisThread->activeSplitPoint
- || !thisThread->activeSplitPoint->allSlavesSearching)
- && thisThread->splitPointsSize < MAX_SPLITPOINTS_PER_THREAD)
- {
- assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < beta);
-
- thisThread->split(pos, ss, alpha, beta, &bestValue, &bestMove,
- depth, moveCount, &mp, NT, cutNode);
-
- if (Signals.stop || thisThread->cutoff_occurred())
- return VALUE_ZERO;
-
- if (bestValue >= beta)
- break;
- }
+ if (!captureOrPromotion && move != bestMove && quietCount < 64)
+ quietsSearched[quietCount++] = move;
}
- if (SpNode)
- return bestValue;
-
- // Following condition would detect a stop or a cutoff set only after move
- // loop has been completed. But in this case bestValue is valid because we
- // have fully searched our subtree, and we can anyhow save the result in TT.
+ // The following condition would detect a stop only after move loop has been
+ // completed. But in this case bestValue is valid because we have fully
+ // searched our subtree, and we can anyhow save the result in TT.
/*
- if (Signals.stop || thisThread->cutoff_occurred())
+ if (Signals.stop)
return VALUE_DRAW;
*/
// Step 20. Check for mate and stalemate
// All legal moves have been searched and if there are no legal moves, it
- // must be mate or stalemate. If we are in a singular extension search then
+ // must be a mate or a stalemate. If we are in a singular extension search then
// return a fail low score.
if (!moveCount)
bestValue = excludedMove ? alpha
: inCheck ? mated_in(ss->ply) : DrawValue[pos.side_to_move()];
- // Quiet best move: update killers, history, countermoves and followupmoves
- else if (bestValue >= beta && !pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove) && !inCheck)
- update_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, depth, quietsSearched, quietCount - 1);
+ // Quiet best move: update killers, history and countermoves
+ else if (bestMove && !pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
+ update_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, depth, quietsSearched, quietCount);
+
+ // Bonus for prior countermove that caused the fail low
+ else if ( depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY
+ && !bestMove
+ && !inCheck
+ && !pos.captured_piece_type()
+ && is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove))
+ {
+ Value bonus = Value((depth / ONE_PLY) * (depth / ONE_PLY) + depth / ONE_PLY - 1);
+ if ((ss-2)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-2)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, bonus);
+
+ if ((ss-3)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-3)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, bonus);
- TT.store(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply),
- bestValue >= beta ? BOUND_LOWER :
- PvNode && bestMove ? BOUND_EXACT : BOUND_UPPER,
- depth, bestMove, ss->staticEval);
+ if ((ss-5)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-5)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, bonus);
+ }
+
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply),
+ bestValue >= beta ? BOUND_LOWER :
+ PvNode && bestMove ? BOUND_EXACT : BOUND_UPPER,
+ depth, bestMove, ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < VALUE_INFINITE);
const bool PvNode = NT == PV;
- assert(NT == PV || NT == NonPV);
assert(InCheck == !!pos.checkers());
assert(alpha >= -VALUE_INFINITE && alpha < beta && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
assert(PvNode || (alpha == beta - 1));
assert(depth <= DEPTH_ZERO);
+ Move pv[MAX_PLY+1];
StateInfo st;
- const TTEntry* tte;
+ TTEntry* tte;
Key posKey;
Move ttMove, move, bestMove;
Value bestValue, value, ttValue, futilityValue, futilityBase, oldAlpha;
- bool givesCheck, evasionPrunable;
+ bool ttHit, givesCheck, evasionPrunable;
Depth ttDepth;
- // To flag BOUND_EXACT a node with eval above alpha and no available moves
if (PvNode)
- oldAlpha = alpha;
+ {
+ oldAlpha = alpha; // To flag BOUND_EXACT when eval above alpha and no available moves
+ (ss+1)->pv = pv;
+ ss->pv[0] = MOVE_NONE;
+ }
ss->currentMove = bestMove = MOVE_NONE;
ss->ply = (ss-1)->ply + 1;
// Check for an instant draw or if the maximum ply has been reached
- if (pos.is_draw() || ss->ply > MAX_PLY)
- return ss->ply > MAX_PLY && !InCheck ? evaluate(pos) : DrawValue[pos.side_to_move()];
+ if (pos.is_draw() || ss->ply >= MAX_PLY)
+ return ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !InCheck ? evaluate(pos)
+ : DrawValue[pos.side_to_move()];
+
+ assert(0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY);
// Decide whether or not to include checks: this fixes also the type of
// TT entry depth that we are going to use. Note that in qsearch we use
// Transposition table lookup
posKey = pos.key();
- tte = TT.probe(posKey);
- ttMove = tte ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
- ttValue = tte ? value_from_tt(tte->value(),ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
+ tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
+ ttMove = ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
+ ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
- if ( tte
+ if ( !PvNode
+ && ttHit
&& tte->depth() >= ttDepth
&& ttValue != VALUE_NONE // Only in case of TT access race
- && ( PvNode ? tte->bound() == BOUND_EXACT
- : ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
- : (tte->bound() & BOUND_UPPER)))
+ && (ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
+ : (tte->bound() & BOUND_UPPER)))
{
ss->currentMove = ttMove; // Can be MOVE_NONE
return ttValue;
}
else
{
- if (tte)
+ if (ttHit)
{
// Never assume anything on values stored in TT
- if ((ss->staticEval = bestValue = tte->eval_value()) == VALUE_NONE)
+ if ((ss->staticEval = bestValue = tte->eval()) == VALUE_NONE)
ss->staticEval = bestValue = evaluate(pos);
// Can ttValue be used as a better position evaluation?
}
else
ss->staticEval = bestValue =
- (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL ? evaluate(pos) : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
+ (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL ? evaluate(pos)
+ : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
// Stand pat. Return immediately if static value is at least beta
if (bestValue >= beta)
{
- if (!tte)
- TT.store(pos.key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), BOUND_LOWER,
- DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, ss->staticEval);
+ if (!ttHit)
+ tte->save(pos.key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), BOUND_LOWER,
+ DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
return bestValue;
}
// to search the moves. Because the depth is <= 0 here, only captures,
// queen promotions and checks (only if depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS) will
// be generated.
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, History, to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove));
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove));
CheckInfo ci(pos);
// Loop through the moves until no moves remain or a beta cutoff occurs
- while ((move = mp.next_move<false>()) != MOVE_NONE)
+ while ((move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE)
{
assert(is_ok(move));
givesCheck = type_of(move) == NORMAL && !ci.dcCandidates
- ? ci.checkSq[type_of(pos.piece_on(from_sq(move)))] & to_sq(move)
+ ? ci.checkSquares[type_of(pos.piece_on(from_sq(move)))] & to_sq(move)
: pos.gives_check(move, ci);
// Futility pruning
- if ( !PvNode
- && !InCheck
+ if ( !InCheck
&& !givesCheck
- && move != ttMove
&& futilityBase > -VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
&& !pos.advanced_pawn_push(move))
{
futilityValue = futilityBase + PieceValue[EG][pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))];
- if (futilityValue < beta)
+ if (futilityValue <= alpha)
{
bestValue = std::max(bestValue, futilityValue);
continue;
}
- if (futilityBase < beta && pos.see(move) <= VALUE_ZERO)
+ if (futilityBase <= alpha && pos.see(move) <= VALUE_ZERO)
{
bestValue = std::max(bestValue, futilityBase);
continue;
// Detect non-capture evasions that are candidates to be pruned
evasionPrunable = InCheck
&& bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY
- && !pos.capture(move)
- && !pos.can_castle(pos.side_to_move());
+ && !pos.capture(move);
// Don't search moves with negative SEE values
- if ( !PvNode
- && (!InCheck || evasionPrunable)
- && move != ttMove
+ if ( (!InCheck || evasionPrunable)
&& type_of(move) != PROMOTION
&& pos.see_sign(move) < VALUE_ZERO)
continue;
// Speculative prefetch as early as possible
- prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(pos.key_after(move)));
+ prefetch(TT.first_entry(pos.key_after(move)));
// Check for legality just before making the move
if (!pos.legal(move, ci.pinned))
ss->currentMove = move;
// Make and search the move
- pos.do_move(move, st, ci, givesCheck);
+ pos.do_move(move, st, givesCheck);
value = givesCheck ? -qsearch<NT, true>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, depth - ONE_PLY)
: -qsearch<NT, false>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, depth - ONE_PLY);
pos.undo_move(move);
assert(value > -VALUE_INFINITE && value < VALUE_INFINITE);
- // Check for new best move
+ // Check for a new best move
if (value > bestValue)
{
bestValue = value;
if (value > alpha)
{
- if (PvNode && value < beta) // Update alpha here! Always alpha < beta
+ if (PvNode) // Update pv even in fail-high case
+ update_pv(ss->pv, move, (ss+1)->pv);
+
+ if (PvNode && value < beta) // Update alpha here!
{
alpha = value;
bestMove = move;
}
else // Fail high
{
- TT.store(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), BOUND_LOWER,
- ttDepth, move, ss->staticEval);
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), BOUND_LOWER,
+ ttDepth, move, ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
return value;
}
if (InCheck && bestValue == -VALUE_INFINITE)
return mated_in(ss->ply); // Plies to mate from the root
- TT.store(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply),
- PvNode && bestValue > oldAlpha ? BOUND_EXACT : BOUND_UPPER,
- ttDepth, bestMove, ss->staticEval);
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply),
+ PvNode && bestValue > oldAlpha ? BOUND_EXACT : BOUND_UPPER,
+ ttDepth, bestMove, ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < VALUE_INFINITE);
}
- // update_stats() updates killers, history, countermoves and followupmoves stats after a fail-high
- // of a quiet move.
+ // update_pv() adds current move and appends child pv[]
+
+ void update_pv(Move* pv, Move move, Move* childPv) {
+
+ for (*pv++ = move; childPv && *childPv != MOVE_NONE; )
+ *pv++ = *childPv++;
+ *pv = MOVE_NONE;
+ }
+
+
+ // update_stats() updates killers, history, countermove and countermove plus
+ // follow-up move history when a new quiet best move is found.
- void update_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move, Depth depth, Move* quiets, int quietsCnt) {
+ void update_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move,
+ Depth depth, Move* quiets, int quietsCnt) {
if (ss->killers[0] != move)
{
ss->killers[0] = move;
}
- // Increase history value of the cut-off move and decrease all the other
- // played quiet moves.
- Value bonus = Value(4 * int(depth) * int(depth));
- History.update(pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
- for (int i = 0; i < quietsCnt; ++i)
+ Value bonus = Value((depth / ONE_PLY) * (depth / ONE_PLY) + depth / ONE_PLY - 1);
+
+ Square prevSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
+ CounterMoveStats* cmh = (ss-1)->counterMoves;
+ CounterMoveStats* fmh = (ss-2)->counterMoves;
+ CounterMoveStats* fmh2 = (ss-4)->counterMoves;
+ Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
+
+ thisThread->history.update(pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
+
+ if (cmh)
{
- Move m = quiets[i];
- History.update(pos.moved_piece(m), to_sq(m), -bonus);
+ thisThread->counterMoves.update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, move);
+ cmh->update(pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
}
- if (is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove))
+ if (fmh)
+ fmh->update(pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
+
+ if (fmh2)
+ fmh2->update(pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
+
+ // Decrease all the other played quiet moves
+ for (int i = 0; i < quietsCnt; ++i)
{
- Square prevMoveSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
- Countermoves.update(pos.piece_on(prevMoveSq), prevMoveSq, move);
+ thisThread->history.update(pos.moved_piece(quiets[i]), to_sq(quiets[i]), -bonus);
+
+ if (cmh)
+ cmh->update(pos.moved_piece(quiets[i]), to_sq(quiets[i]), -bonus);
+
+ if (fmh)
+ fmh->update(pos.moved_piece(quiets[i]), to_sq(quiets[i]), -bonus);
+
+ if (fmh2)
+ fmh2->update(pos.moved_piece(quiets[i]), to_sq(quiets[i]), -bonus);
}
- if (is_ok((ss-2)->currentMove) && (ss-1)->currentMove == (ss-1)->ttMove)
+ // Extra penalty for a quiet TT move in previous ply when it gets refuted
+ if ((ss-1)->moveCount == 1 && !pos.captured_piece_type())
{
- Square prevOwnMoveSq = to_sq((ss-2)->currentMove);
- Followupmoves.update(pos.piece_on(prevOwnMoveSq), prevOwnMoveSq, move);
+ if ((ss-2)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-2)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -bonus - 2 * (depth + 1) / ONE_PLY);
+
+ if ((ss-3)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-3)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -bonus - 2 * (depth + 1) / ONE_PLY);
+
+ if ((ss-5)->counterMoves)
+ (ss-5)->counterMoves->update(pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -bonus - 2 * (depth + 1) / ONE_PLY);
}
}
- // When playing with a strength handicap, choose best move among the first 'candidates'
- // RootMoves using a statistical rule dependent on 'level'. Idea by Heinz van Saanen.
-
- Move Skill::pick_move() {
+ // When playing with strength handicap, choose best move among a set of RootMoves
+ // using a statistical rule dependent on 'level'. Idea by Heinz van Saanen.
- static RKISS rk;
+ Move Skill::pick_best(size_t multiPV) {
- // PRNG sequence should be not deterministic
- for (int i = Time::now() % 50; i > 0; --i)
- rk.rand<unsigned>();
+ const RootMoves& rootMoves = Threads.main()->rootMoves;
+ static PRNG rng(now()); // PRNG sequence should be non-deterministic
// RootMoves are already sorted by score in descending order
- int variance = std::min(RootMoves[0].score - RootMoves[candidates - 1].score, PawnValueMg);
+ Value topScore = rootMoves[0].score;
+ int delta = std::min(topScore - rootMoves[multiPV - 1].score, PawnValueMg);
int weakness = 120 - 2 * level;
- int max_s = -VALUE_INFINITE;
- best = MOVE_NONE;
+ int maxScore = -VALUE_INFINITE;
- // Choose best move. For each move score we add two terms both dependent on
- // weakness. One deterministic and bigger for weaker moves, and one random,
- // then we choose the move with the resulting highest score.
- for (size_t i = 0; i < candidates; ++i)
+ // Choose best move. For each move score we add two terms, both dependent on
+ // weakness. One is deterministic and bigger for weaker levels, and one is
+ // random. Then we choose the move with the resulting highest score.
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < multiPV; ++i)
{
- int s = RootMoves[i].score;
-
- // Don't allow crazy blunders even at very low skills
- if (i > 0 && RootMoves[i - 1].score > s + 2 * PawnValueMg)
- break;
-
// This is our magic formula
- s += ( weakness * int(RootMoves[0].score - s)
- + variance * (rk.rand<unsigned>() % weakness)) / 128;
+ int push = ( weakness * int(topScore - rootMoves[i].score)
+ + delta * (rng.rand<unsigned>() % weakness)) / 128;
- if (s > max_s)
+ if (rootMoves[i].score + push > maxScore)
{
- max_s = s;
- best = RootMoves[i].pv[0];
+ maxScore = rootMoves[i].score + push;
+ best = rootMoves[i].pv[0];
}
}
+
return best;
}
- // uci_pv() formats PV information according to the UCI protocol. UCI
- // requires that all (if any) unsearched PV lines are sent using a previous
- // search score.
+ // check_time() is used to print debug info and, more importantly, to detect
+ // when we are out of available time and thus stop the search.
- string uci_pv(const Position& pos, int depth, Value alpha, Value beta) {
+ void check_time() {
- std::stringstream ss;
- Time::point elapsed = Time::now() - SearchTime + 1;
- size_t uciPVSize = std::min((size_t)Options["MultiPV"], RootMoves.size());
- int selDepth = 0;
+ static TimePoint lastInfoTime = now();
- for (size_t i = 0; i < Threads.size(); ++i)
- if (Threads[i]->maxPly > selDepth)
- selDepth = Threads[i]->maxPly;
+ int elapsed = Time.elapsed();
+ TimePoint tick = Limits.startTime + elapsed;
- for (size_t i = 0; i < uciPVSize; ++i)
+ if (tick - lastInfoTime >= 1000)
{
- bool updated = (i <= PVIdx);
+ lastInfoTime = tick;
+ dbg_print();
+ }
+
+ // An engine may not stop pondering until told so by the GUI
+ if (Limits.ponder)
+ return;
- if (depth == 1 && !updated)
- continue;
+ if ( (Limits.use_time_management() && elapsed > Time.maximum() - 10)
+ || (Limits.movetime && elapsed >= Limits.movetime)
+ || (Limits.nodes && Threads.nodes_searched() >= Limits.nodes))
+ Signals.stop = true;
+ }
- int d = updated ? depth : depth - 1;
- Value v = updated ? RootMoves[i].score : RootMoves[i].prevScore;
+} // namespace
- if (ss.rdbuf()->in_avail()) // Not at first line
- ss << "\n";
- ss << "info depth " << d
- << " seldepth " << selDepth
- << " score " << (i == PVIdx ? score_to_uci(v, alpha, beta) : score_to_uci(v))
- << " nodes " << pos.nodes_searched()
- << " nps " << pos.nodes_searched() * 1000 / elapsed
- << " time " << elapsed
- << " multipv " << i + 1
- << " pv";
+/// UCI::pv() formats PV information according to the UCI protocol. UCI requires
+/// that all (if any) unsearched PV lines are sent using a previous search score.
- for (size_t j = 0; RootMoves[i].pv[j] != MOVE_NONE; ++j)
- ss << " " << move_to_uci(RootMoves[i].pv[j], pos.is_chess960());
- }
+string UCI::pv(const Position& pos, Depth depth, Value alpha, Value beta) {
- return ss.str();
- }
+ std::stringstream ss;
+ int elapsed = Time.elapsed() + 1;
+ const RootMoves& rootMoves = pos.this_thread()->rootMoves;
+ size_t PVIdx = pos.this_thread()->PVIdx;
+ size_t multiPV = std::min((size_t)Options["MultiPV"], rootMoves.size());
+ uint64_t nodes_searched = Threads.nodes_searched();
-} // namespace
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < multiPV; ++i)
+ {
+ bool updated = (i <= PVIdx);
+ if (depth == ONE_PLY && !updated)
+ continue;
-/// RootMove::extract_pv_from_tt() builds a PV by adding moves from the TT table.
-/// We also consider both failing high nodes and BOUND_EXACT nodes here to
-/// ensure that we have a ponder move even when we fail high at root. This
-/// results in a long PV to print that is important for position analysis.
+ Depth d = updated ? depth : depth - ONE_PLY;
+ Value v = updated ? rootMoves[i].score : rootMoves[i].previousScore;
-void RootMove::extract_pv_from_tt(Position& pos) {
+ bool tb = TB::RootInTB && abs(v) < VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY;
+ v = tb ? TB::Score : v;
- StateInfo state[MAX_PLY_PLUS_6], *st = state;
- const TTEntry* tte;
- int ply = 1; // At root ply is 1...
- Move m = pv[0]; // ...instead pv[] array starts from 0
- Value expectedScore = score;
+ if (ss.rdbuf()->in_avail()) // Not at first line
+ ss << "\n";
- pv.clear();
+ ss << "info"
+ << " depth " << d / ONE_PLY
+ << " seldepth " << pos.this_thread()->maxPly
+ << " multipv " << i + 1
+ << " score " << UCI::value(v);
- do {
- pv.push_back(m);
+ if (!tb && i == PVIdx)
+ ss << (v >= beta ? " lowerbound" : v <= alpha ? " upperbound" : "");
- assert(MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).contains(pv[ply - 1]));
+ ss << " nodes " << nodes_searched
+ << " nps " << nodes_searched * 1000 / elapsed;
- pos.do_move(pv[ply++ - 1], *st++);
- tte = TT.probe(pos.key());
- expectedScore = -expectedScore;
+ if (elapsed > 1000) // Earlier makes little sense
+ ss << " hashfull " << TT.hashfull();
- } while ( tte
- && expectedScore == value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply)
- && pos.pseudo_legal(m = tte->move()) // Local copy, TT could change
- && pos.legal(m, pos.pinned_pieces(pos.side_to_move()))
- && ply < MAX_PLY
- && (!pos.is_draw() || ply <= 2));
+ ss << " tbhits " << TB::Hits
+ << " time " << elapsed
+ << " pv";
- pv.push_back(MOVE_NONE); // Must be zero-terminating
+ for (Move m : rootMoves[i].pv)
+ ss << " " << UCI::move(m, pos.is_chess960());
+ }
- while (--ply) pos.undo_move(pv[ply - 1]);
+ return ss.str();
}
void RootMove::insert_pv_in_tt(Position& pos) {
- StateInfo state[MAX_PLY_PLUS_6], *st = state;
- const TTEntry* tte;
- int idx = 0; // Ply starts from 1, we need to start from 0
-
- do {
- tte = TT.probe(pos.key());
-
- if (!tte || tte->move() != pv[idx]) // Don't overwrite correct entries
- TT.store(pos.key(), VALUE_NONE, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE, pv[idx], VALUE_NONE);
-
- assert(MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).contains(pv[idx]));
+ StateInfo state[MAX_PLY], *st = state;
+ bool ttHit;
- pos.do_move(pv[idx++], *st++);
-
- } while (pv[idx] != MOVE_NONE);
-
- while (idx) pos.undo_move(pv[--idx]);
-}
-
-
-/// Thread::idle_loop() is where the thread is parked when it has no work to do
-
-void Thread::idle_loop() {
-
- // Pointer 'this_sp' is not null only if we are called from split(), and not
- // at the thread creation. This means we are the split point's master.
- SplitPoint* this_sp = splitPointsSize ? activeSplitPoint : NULL;
-
- assert(!this_sp || (this_sp->masterThread == this && searching));
-
- while (!exit)
+ for (Move m : pv)
{
- // If this thread has been assigned work, launch a search
- while (searching)
- {
- Threads.mutex.lock();
+ assert(MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).contains(m));
- assert(activeSplitPoint);
- SplitPoint* sp = activeSplitPoint;
+ TTEntry* tte = TT.probe(pos.key(), ttHit);
- Threads.mutex.unlock();
-
- Stack stack[MAX_PLY_PLUS_6], *ss = stack+2; // To allow referencing (ss-2)
- Position pos(*sp->pos, this);
-
- std::memcpy(ss-2, sp->ss-2, 5 * sizeof(Stack));
- ss->splitPoint = sp;
-
- sp->mutex.lock();
-
- assert(activePosition == NULL);
-
- activePosition = &pos;
-
- if (sp->nodeType == NonPV)
- search<NonPV, true>(pos, ss, sp->alpha, sp->beta, sp->depth, sp->cutNode);
-
- else if (sp->nodeType == PV)
- search<PV, true>(pos, ss, sp->alpha, sp->beta, sp->depth, sp->cutNode);
-
- else if (sp->nodeType == Root)
- search<Root, true>(pos, ss, sp->alpha, sp->beta, sp->depth, sp->cutNode);
-
- else
- assert(false);
+ if (!ttHit || tte->move() != m) // Don't overwrite correct entries
+ tte->save(pos.key(), VALUE_NONE, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE,
+ m, VALUE_NONE, TT.generation());
- assert(searching);
-
- searching = false;
- activePosition = NULL;
- sp->slavesMask.reset(idx);
- sp->allSlavesSearching = false;
- sp->nodes += pos.nodes_searched();
-
- // Wake up the master thread so to allow it to return from the idle
- // loop in case we are the last slave of the split point.
- if ( this != sp->masterThread
- && sp->slavesMask.none())
- {
- assert(!sp->masterThread->searching);
- sp->masterThread->notify_one();
- }
-
- // After releasing the lock we can't access any SplitPoint related data
- // in a safe way because it could have been released under our feet by
- // the sp master.
- sp->mutex.unlock();
-
- // Try to late join to another split point if none of its slaves has
- // already finished.
- if (Threads.size() > 2)
- for (size_t i = 0; i < Threads.size(); ++i)
- {
- const int size = Threads[i]->splitPointsSize; // Local copy
- sp = size ? &Threads[i]->splitPoints[size - 1] : NULL;
-
- if ( sp
- && sp->allSlavesSearching
- && available_to(Threads[i]))
- {
- // Recheck the conditions under lock protection
- Threads.mutex.lock();
- sp->mutex.lock();
-
- if ( sp->allSlavesSearching
- && available_to(Threads[i]))
- {
- sp->slavesMask.set(idx);
- activeSplitPoint = sp;
- searching = true;
- }
-
- sp->mutex.unlock();
- Threads.mutex.unlock();
-
- break; // Just a single attempt
- }
- }
- }
-
- // Grab the lock to avoid races with Thread::notify_one()
- mutex.lock();
-
- // If we are master and all slaves have finished then exit idle_loop
- if (this_sp && this_sp->slavesMask.none())
- {
- assert(!searching);
- mutex.unlock();
- break;
- }
-
- // If we are not searching, wait for a condition to be signaled instead of
- // wasting CPU time polling for work.
- if (!searching && !exit)
- sleepCondition.wait(mutex);
-
- mutex.unlock();
+ pos.do_move(m, *st++, pos.gives_check(m, CheckInfo(pos)));
}
-}
-
-/// check_time() is called by the timer thread when the timer triggers. It is
-/// used to print debug info and, more importantly, to detect when we are out of
-/// available time and thus stop the search.
-
-void check_time() {
-
- static Time::point lastInfoTime = Time::now();
- int64_t nodes = 0; // Workaround silly 'uninitialized' gcc warning
-
- if (Time::now() - lastInfoTime >= 1000)
- {
- lastInfoTime = Time::now();
- dbg_print();
- }
-
- if (Limits.ponder)
- return;
-
- if (Limits.nodes)
- {
- Threads.mutex.lock();
-
- nodes = RootPos.nodes_searched();
-
- // Loop across all split points and sum accumulated SplitPoint nodes plus
- // all the currently active positions nodes.
- for (size_t i = 0; i < Threads.size(); ++i)
- for (int j = 0; j < Threads[i]->splitPointsSize; ++j)
- {
- SplitPoint& sp = Threads[i]->splitPoints[j];
-
- sp.mutex.lock();
+ for (size_t i = pv.size(); i > 0; )
+ pos.undo_move(pv[--i]);
+}
- nodes += sp.nodes;
- for (size_t idx = 0; idx < Threads.size(); ++idx)
- if (sp.slavesMask.test(idx) && Threads[idx]->activePosition)
- nodes += Threads[idx]->activePosition->nodes_searched();
+/// RootMove::extract_ponder_from_tt() is called in case we have no ponder move
+/// before exiting the search, for instance, in case we stop the search during a
+/// fail high at root. We try hard to have a ponder move to return to the GUI,
+/// otherwise in case of 'ponder on' we have nothing to think on.
- sp.mutex.unlock();
- }
+bool RootMove::extract_ponder_from_tt(Position& pos)
+{
+ StateInfo st;
+ bool ttHit;
- Threads.mutex.unlock();
- }
+ assert(pv.size() == 1);
- Time::point elapsed = Time::now() - SearchTime;
- bool stillAtFirstMove = Signals.firstRootMove
- && !Signals.failedLowAtRoot
- && elapsed > TimeMgr.available_time() * 75 / 100;
+ pos.do_move(pv[0], st, pos.gives_check(pv[0], CheckInfo(pos)));
+ TTEntry* tte = TT.probe(pos.key(), ttHit);
+ pos.undo_move(pv[0]);
- bool noMoreTime = elapsed > TimeMgr.maximum_time() - 2 * TimerThread::Resolution
- || stillAtFirstMove;
+ if (ttHit)
+ {
+ Move m = tte->move(); // Local copy to be SMP safe
+ if (MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).contains(m))
+ return pv.push_back(m), true;
+ }
- if ( (Limits.use_time_management() && noMoreTime)
- || (Limits.movetime && elapsed >= Limits.movetime)
- || (Limits.nodes && nodes >= Limits.nodes))
- Signals.stop = true;
+ return false;
}