Renaming some variables in code

Implements renaming suggestions by Marco Costalba, Günther Demetz,
Gontran Lemaire, Ronald de Man, Stéphane Nicolet, Alain Savard,
Joost VandeVondele, Jerry Donald Watson, Mike Whiteley, xoto10,
and I hope that I haven't forgotten anybody.

Perpetual renaming thread for suggestions:
https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/1426

No functional change.