]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - nageru/mixer.cpp
Make number of cards flexible at runtime.
[nageru] / nageru / mixer.cpp
index 3f5119a43d74c7de00a58d1152290315837e77b8..2911dae1d19cc553846fbe66b8871b7c4dd6673c 100644 (file)
@@ -312,9 +312,8 @@ void QueueLengthPolicy::update_policy(steady_clock::time_point now,
        metric_input_queue_safe_length_frames = safe_queue_length;
 }
 
-Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
+Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format)
        : httpd(),
-         num_cards(num_cards),
          mixer_surface(create_surface(format)),
          h264_encoder_surface(create_surface(format)),
          decklink_output_surface(create_surface(format)),
@@ -381,11 +380,11 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        }
 
        // Must be instantiated after VideoEncoder has initialized global_flags.use_zerocopy.
-       theme.reset(new Theme(global_flags.theme_filename, global_flags.theme_dirs, resource_pool.get(), num_cards));
+       theme.reset(new Theme(global_flags.theme_filename, global_flags.theme_dirs, resource_pool.get()));
 
        // Must be instantiated after the theme, as the theme decides the number of FFmpeg inputs.
        std::vector<FFmpegCapture *> video_inputs = theme->get_video_inputs();
-       audio_mixer.reset(new AudioMixer(num_cards, video_inputs.size()));
+       audio_mixer.reset(new AudioMixer);
 
        httpd.add_endpoint("/channels", bind(&Mixer::get_channels_json, this), HTTPD::ALLOW_ALL_ORIGINS);
        for (int channel_idx = 0; channel_idx < theme->get_num_channels(); ++channel_idx) {
@@ -405,7 +404,7 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        {
                IDeckLinkIterator *decklink_iterator = CreateDeckLinkIteratorInstance();
                if (decklink_iterator != nullptr) {
-                       for ( ; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+                       for ( ; card_index < unsigned(global_flags.max_num_cards); ++card_index) {
                                IDeckLink *decklink;
                                if (decklink_iterator->Next(&decklink) != S_OK) {
                                        break;
@@ -417,7 +416,7 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
                                        delete output;
                                        output = nullptr;
                                }
-                               configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, output);
+                               configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, output, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                                ++num_pci_devices;
                        }
                        decklink_iterator->Release();
@@ -428,31 +427,44 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        }
 
        unsigned num_usb_devices = BMUSBCapture::num_cards();
-       for (unsigned usb_card_index = 0; usb_card_index < num_usb_devices && card_index < num_cards; ++usb_card_index, ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned usb_card_index = 0; usb_card_index < num_usb_devices && card_index < unsigned(global_flags.max_num_cards); ++usb_card_index, ++card_index) {
                BMUSBCapture *capture = new BMUSBCapture(usb_card_index);
                capture->set_card_disconnected_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_hotplug_remove, this, card_index));
-               configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, /*output=*/nullptr);
+               configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "Found %u USB card(s).\n", num_usb_devices);
 
+       // Fill up with fake cards for as long as we can, so that the FFmpeg
+       // and HTML cards always come last.
        unsigned num_fake_cards = 0;
-       for ( ; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index, ++num_fake_cards) {
-               FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
-               configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr);
+#ifdef HAVE_CEF
+       size_t num_html_inputs = theme->get_html_inputs().size();
+#else
+       size_t num_html_inputs = 0;
+#endif
+       for ( ; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS - video_inputs.size() - num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
+               // Only bother to activate fake capture cards to satisfy the minimum.
+               bool is_active = card_index < unsigned(global_flags.min_num_cards) || cards[card_index].force_active;
+               if (is_active) {
+                       FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
+                       configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
+                       ++num_fake_cards;
+               } else {
+                       configure_card(card_index, nullptr, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
+               }
        }
 
        if (num_fake_cards > 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Initialized %u fake cards.\n", num_fake_cards);
        }
 
-       // Initialize all video inputs the theme asked for. Note that these are
-       // all put _after_ the regular cards, which stop at <num_cards> - 1.
+       // Initialize all video inputs the theme asked for.
        for (unsigned video_card_index = 0; video_card_index < video_inputs.size(); ++card_index, ++video_card_index) {
                if (card_index >= MAX_VIDEO_CARDS) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Not enough card slots available for the videos the theme requested.\n");
                        abort();
                }
-               configure_card(card_index, video_inputs[video_card_index], CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr);
+               configure_card(card_index, video_inputs[video_card_index], CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                video_inputs[video_card_index]->set_card_index(card_index);
        }
        num_video_inputs = video_inputs.size();
@@ -465,7 +477,7 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
                        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Not enough card slots available for the HTML inputs the theme requested.\n");
                        abort();
                }
-               configure_card(card_index, html_inputs[html_card_index], CardType::CEF_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr);
+               configure_card(card_index, html_inputs[html_card_index], CardType::CEF_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                html_inputs[html_card_index]->set_card_index(card_index);
        }
        num_html_inputs = html_inputs.size();
@@ -480,7 +492,7 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        }
 #endif
 
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                cards[card_index].queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
        }
 
@@ -538,8 +550,10 @@ Mixer::~Mixer()
        httpd.stop();
        BMUSBCapture::stop_bm_thread();
 
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
-               cards[card_index].capture->stop_dequeue_thread();
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
+               if (cards[card_index].capture != nullptr) {  // Active.
+                       cards[card_index].capture->stop_dequeue_thread();
+               }
                if (cards[card_index].output) {
                        cards[card_index].output->end_output();
                        cards[card_index].output.reset();
@@ -551,7 +565,12 @@ Mixer::~Mixer()
 
 void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, CardType card_type, DeckLinkOutput *output, bool is_srt_card)
 {
-       printf("Configuring card %d...\n", card_index);
+       bool is_active = capture != nullptr;
+       if (is_active) {
+               printf("Configuring card %d...\n", card_index);
+       } else {
+               assert(card_type == CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE);
+       }
 
        CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
        if (card->capture != nullptr) {
@@ -580,42 +599,48 @@ void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, CardT
                pixel_format = PixelFormat_8BitYCbCr;
        }
 
-       card->capture->set_frame_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_frame, this, card_index, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7));
-       if (card->frame_allocator == nullptr) {
-               card->frame_allocator.reset(new PBOFrameAllocator(pixel_format, 8 << 20, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, card_index, mjpeg_encoder.get()));  // 8 MB.
-       } else {
-               // The format could have changed, but we cannot reset the allocator
-               // and create a new one from scratch, since there may be allocated
-               // frames from it that expect to call release_frame() on it.
-               // Instead, ask the allocator to create new frames for us and discard
-               // any old ones as they come back. This takes the mutex while
-               // allocating, but nothing should really be sending frames in there
-               // right now anyway (start_bm_capture() has not been called yet).
-               card->frame_allocator->reconfigure(pixel_format, 8 << 20, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, card_index, mjpeg_encoder.get());
-       }
-       card->capture->set_video_frame_allocator(card->frame_allocator.get());
-       if (card->surface == nullptr) {
-               card->surface = create_surface_with_same_format(mixer_surface);
-       }
-       while (!card->new_frames.empty()) card->new_frames.pop_front();
-       card->last_timecode = -1;
-       card->capture->set_pixel_format(pixel_format);
-       card->capture->configure_card();
-
-       // NOTE: start_bm_capture() happens in thread_func().
+       if (is_active) {
+               card->capture->set_frame_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_frame, this, card_index, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7));
+               if (card->frame_allocator == nullptr) {
+                       card->frame_allocator.reset(new PBOFrameAllocator(pixel_format, 8 << 20, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, card_index, mjpeg_encoder.get()));  // 8 MB.
+               } else {
+                       // The format could have changed, but we cannot reset the allocator
+                       // and create a new one from scratch, since there may be allocated
+                       // frames from it that expect to call release_frame() on it.
+                       // Instead, ask the allocator to create new frames for us and discard
+                       // any old ones as they come back. This takes the mutex while
+                       // allocating, but nothing should really be sending frames in there
+                       // right now anyway (start_bm_capture() has not been called yet).
+                       card->frame_allocator->reconfigure(pixel_format, 8 << 20, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, card_index, mjpeg_encoder.get());
+               }
+               card->capture->set_video_frame_allocator(card->frame_allocator.get());
+               if (card->surface == nullptr) {
+                       card->surface = create_surface_with_same_format(mixer_surface);
+               }
+               while (!card->new_frames.empty()) card->new_frames.pop_front();
+               card->last_timecode = -1;
+               card->capture->set_pixel_format(pixel_format);
+               card->capture->configure_card();
+
+               // NOTE: start_bm_capture() happens in thread_func().
+       }
 
        if (is_srt_card) {
                assert(card_type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT);
        }
 
        DeviceSpec device;
-       if (card_type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT && !is_srt_card) {
-               device = DeviceSpec{InputSourceType::FFMPEG_VIDEO_INPUT, card_index - num_cards};
+       device = DeviceSpec{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
+       audio_mixer->reset_resampler(device);
+       unsigned num_channels = card_type == CardType::LIVE_CARD ? 8 : 2;
+       if (is_active) {
+               audio_mixer->set_device_parameters(device, card->capture->get_description(), card_type, num_channels, /*active=*/true);
        } else {
-               device = DeviceSpec{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
+               // Note: Keeps the previous name, if any.
+               char name[32];
+               snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "Fake card %u", card_index + 1);
+               audio_mixer->set_device_parameters(device, name, card_type, num_channels, /*active=*/false);
        }
-       audio_mixer->reset_resampler(device);
-       audio_mixer->set_display_name(device, card->capture->get_description());
        audio_mixer->trigger_state_changed_callback();
 
        // Unregister old metrics, if any.
@@ -706,117 +731,121 @@ void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, CardT
                global_metrics.remove_if_exists("srt_receiver_delivery_delay_seconds", labels);
        }
 
-       // Register metrics.
-       vector<pair<string, string>> labels;
-       char card_name[64];
-       snprintf(card_name, sizeof(card_name), "%d", card_index);
-       labels.emplace_back("card", card_name);
+       if (is_active) {
+               // Register metrics.
+               vector<pair<string, string>> labels;
+               char card_name[64];
+               snprintf(card_name, sizeof(card_name), "%d", card_index);
+               labels.emplace_back("card", card_name);
 
-       switch (card_type) {
-       case CardType::LIVE_CARD:
-               labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "live");
-               break;
-       case CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE:
-               labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "fake");
-               break;
-       case CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT:
-               if (is_srt_card) {
-                       labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "srt");
-               } else {
-                       labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "ffmpeg");
+               switch (card_type) {
+               case CardType::LIVE_CARD:
+                       labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "live");
+                       break;
+               case CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE:
+                       labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "fake");
+                       break;
+               case CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT:
+                       if (is_srt_card) {
+                               labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "srt");
+                       } else {
+                               labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "ffmpeg");
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case CardType::CEF_INPUT:
+                       labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "cef");
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       assert(false);
                }
-               break;
-       case CardType::CEF_INPUT:
-               labels.emplace_back("cardtype", "cef");
-               break;
-       default:
-               assert(false);
-       }
-       card->jitter_history.register_metrics(labels);
-       card->queue_length_policy.register_metrics(labels);
-       global_metrics.add("input_received_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_received_frames);
-       global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_jitter", labels, &card->metric_input_dropped_frames_jitter);
-       global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_error", labels, &card->metric_input_dropped_frames_error);
-       global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_resets", labels, &card->metric_input_resets);
-       global_metrics.add("input_queue_length_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_queue_length_frames, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_queue_duped_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_duped_frames);
-
-       global_metrics.add("input_has_signal_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_has_signal_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_is_connected_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_is_connected_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_interlaced_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_interlaced_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_width_pixels", labels, &card->metric_input_width_pixels, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_height_pixels", labels, &card->metric_input_height_pixels, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_frame_rate_nom", labels, &card->metric_input_frame_rate_nom, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_frame_rate_den", labels, &card->metric_input_frame_rate_den, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       global_metrics.add("input_sample_rate_hz", labels, &card->metric_input_sample_rate_hz, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-
-       if (is_srt_card) {
-               // Global measurements (counters).
-               global_metrics.add("srt_uptime_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_uptime_seconds);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_send_duration_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_send_duration_seconds);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes);
-
-               vector<pair<string, string>> packet_labels = labels;
-               packet_labels.emplace_back("type", "normal");
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_normal);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_normal);
-
-               packet_labels.back().second = "lost";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_lost);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_lost);
-
-               packet_labels.back().second = "retransmitted";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_retransmitted);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes_retransmitted);
-
-               packet_labels.back().second = "ack";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_ack);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_ack);
+               card->jitter_history.register_metrics(labels);
+               card->queue_length_policy.register_metrics(labels);
+               global_metrics.add("input_received_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_received_frames);
+               global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_jitter", labels, &card->metric_input_dropped_frames_jitter);
+               global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_error", labels, &card->metric_input_dropped_frames_error);
+               global_metrics.add("input_dropped_frames_resets", labels, &card->metric_input_resets);
+               global_metrics.add("input_queue_length_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_queue_length_frames, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_queue_duped_frames", labels, &card->metric_input_duped_frames);
+
+               global_metrics.add("input_has_signal_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_has_signal_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_is_connected_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_is_connected_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_interlaced_bool", labels, &card->metric_input_interlaced_bool, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_width_pixels", labels, &card->metric_input_width_pixels, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_height_pixels", labels, &card->metric_input_height_pixels, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_frame_rate_nom", labels, &card->metric_input_frame_rate_nom, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_frame_rate_den", labels, &card->metric_input_frame_rate_den, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               global_metrics.add("input_sample_rate_hz", labels, &card->metric_input_sample_rate_hz, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
 
-               packet_labels.back().second = "nak";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_nak);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_nak);
-
-               packet_labels.back().second = "dropped";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_dropped);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_dropped);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes_dropped);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes_dropped);
-
-               packet_labels.back().second = "undecryptable";
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_undecryptable);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes_undecryptable);
-
-               global_metrics.add("srt_filter_sent_extra_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_sent_packets);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_extra_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_extra_packets);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_rebuilt_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_rebuilt_packets);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_lost_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_lost_packets);
+               if (is_srt_card) {
+                       // Global measurements (counters).
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_uptime_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_uptime_seconds);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_send_duration_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_send_duration_seconds);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes);
+
+                       vector<pair<string, string>> packet_labels = labels;
+                       packet_labels.emplace_back("type", "normal");
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_normal);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_normal);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "lost";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_lost);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_lost);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "retransmitted";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_retransmitted);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes_retransmitted);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "ack";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_ack);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_ack);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "nak";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_nak);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_nak);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "dropped";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_packets_dropped);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_dropped);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sent_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_sent_bytes_dropped);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes_dropped);
+
+                       packet_labels.back().second = "undecryptable";
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_packets", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_packets_undecryptable);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_received_bytes", packet_labels, &card->metric_srt_received_bytes_undecryptable);
+
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_filter_sent_extra_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_sent_packets);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_extra_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_extra_packets);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_rebuilt_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_rebuilt_packets);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_filter_received_lost_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_filter_received_lost_packets);
+
+                       // Instant measurements (gauges).
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_packet_sending_period_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_packet_sending_period_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_flow_window_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_flow_window_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_congestion_window_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_congestion_window_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_flight_size_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_flight_size_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_rtt_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_rtt_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_estimated_bandwidth_bits_per_second", labels, &card->metric_srt_estimated_bandwidth_bits_per_second, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_bandwidth_ceiling_bits_per_second", labels, &card->metric_srt_bandwidth_ceiling_bits_per_second, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_send_buffer_available_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_send_buffer_available_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_receive_buffer_available_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_receive_buffer_available_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_mss_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_mss_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_timespan_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_timespan_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_sender_delivery_delay_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_delivery_delay_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_timespan_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_timespan_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+                       global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_delivery_delay_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_delivery_delay_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
+               }
 
-               // Instant measurements (gauges).
-               global_metrics.add("srt_packet_sending_period_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_packet_sending_period_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_flow_window_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_flow_window_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_congestion_window_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_congestion_window_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_flight_size_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_flight_size_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_rtt_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_rtt_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_estimated_bandwidth_bits_per_second", labels, &card->metric_srt_estimated_bandwidth_bits_per_second, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_bandwidth_ceiling_bits_per_second", labels, &card->metric_srt_bandwidth_ceiling_bits_per_second, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_send_buffer_available_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_send_buffer_available_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_receive_buffer_available_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_receive_buffer_available_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_mss_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_mss_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sender_unacked_timespan_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_unacked_timespan_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_sender_delivery_delay_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_sender_delivery_delay_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-
-               global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_packets", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_packets, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_bytes", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_bytes, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_unacked_timespan_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_unacked_timespan_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-               global_metrics.add("srt_receiver_delivery_delay_seconds", labels, &card->metric_srt_receiver_delivery_delay_seconds, Metrics::TYPE_GAUGE);
-       }
-
-       card->labels = labels;
+               card->labels = labels;
+       } else {
+               card->labels.clear();
+       }
 }
 
 void Mixer::set_output_card_internal(int card_index)
@@ -852,7 +881,7 @@ void Mixer::set_output_card_internal(int card_index)
                lock.lock();
                card->parked_capture = move(card->capture);
                CaptureInterface *fake_capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
-               configure_card(card_index, fake_capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, card->output.release());
+               configure_card(card_index, fake_capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, card->output.release(), /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                card->queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
                card->capture->start_bm_capture();
                desired_output_video_mode = output_video_mode = card->output->pick_video_mode(desired_output_video_mode);
@@ -874,22 +903,13 @@ int unwrap_timecode(uint16_t current_wrapped, int last)
        }
 }
 
-DeviceSpec card_index_to_device(unsigned card_index, unsigned num_cards)
-{
-       if (card_index >= num_cards) {
-               return DeviceSpec{InputSourceType::FFMPEG_VIDEO_INPUT, card_index - num_cards};
-       } else {
-               return DeviceSpec{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
-       }
-}
-
 }  // namespace
 
 void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                      FrameAllocator::Frame video_frame, size_t video_offset, VideoFormat video_format,
                     FrameAllocator::Frame audio_frame, size_t audio_offset, AudioFormat audio_format)
 {
-       DeviceSpec device = card_index_to_device(card_index, num_cards);
+       DeviceSpec device{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
        CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
 
        ++card->metric_input_received_frames;
@@ -926,7 +946,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
        size_t num_samples = (audio_frame.len > audio_offset) ? (audio_frame.len - audio_offset) / audio_format.num_channels / (audio_format.bits_per_sample / 8) : 0;
        if (num_samples > OUTPUT_FREQUENCY / 10 && card->type != CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT) {
                printf("%s: Dropping frame with implausible audio length (len=%d, offset=%d) [timecode=0x%04x video_len=%d video_offset=%d video_format=%x)\n",
-                       spec_to_string(device).c_str(), int(audio_frame.len), int(audio_offset),
+                       description_for_card(card_index).c_str(), int(audio_frame.len), int(audio_offset),
                        timecode, int(video_frame.len), int(video_offset), video_format.id);
                if (video_frame.owner) {
                        video_frame.owner->release_frame(video_frame);
@@ -948,14 +968,14 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
 
        if (dropped_frames > MAX_FPS * 2) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s lost more than two seconds (or time code jumping around; from 0x%04x to 0x%04x), resetting resampler\n",
-                       spec_to_string(device).c_str(), card->last_timecode, timecode);
+                       description_for_card(card_index).c_str(), card->last_timecode, timecode);
                audio_mixer->reset_resampler(device);
                dropped_frames = 0;
                ++card->metric_input_resets;
        } else if (dropped_frames > 0) {
                // Insert silence as needed.
                fprintf(stderr, "%s dropped %d frame(s) (before timecode 0x%04x), inserting silence.\n",
-                       spec_to_string(device).c_str(), dropped_frames, timecode);
+                       description_for_card(card_index).c_str(), dropped_frames, timecode);
                card->metric_input_dropped_frames_error += dropped_frames;
 
                bool success;
@@ -1039,7 +1059,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
            video_frame.len - video_offset != expected_length) {
                if (video_frame.len != 0) {
                        printf("%s: Dropping video frame with wrong length (%zu; expected %zu)\n",
-                               spec_to_string(device).c_str(), video_frame.len - video_offset, expected_length);
+                               description_for_card(card_index).c_str(), video_frame.len - video_offset, expected_length);
                }
                if (video_frame.owner) {
                        video_frame.owner->release_frame(video_frame);
@@ -1234,8 +1254,8 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
 
        // Start the actual capture. (We don't want to do it before we're actually ready
        // to process output frames.)
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
-               if (int(card_index) != output_card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
+               if (int(card_index) != output_card_index && cards[card_index].capture != nullptr) {
                        cards[card_index].capture->start_bm_capture();
                }
        }
@@ -1266,7 +1286,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                } else {
                        master_card_is_output = false;
                        master_card_index = theme->map_signal_to_card(master_clock_channel);
-                       assert(master_card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs);
+                       assert(master_card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS);
                }
 
                handle_hotplugged_cards();
@@ -1276,8 +1296,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(output_frame_info.dropped_frames, output_frame_info.num_samples, output_frame_info.frame_duration, output_frame_info.is_preroll, output_frame_info.frame_timestamp);
                stats_dropped_frames += output_frame_info.dropped_frames;
 
-               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
-                       DeviceSpec device = card_index_to_device(card_index, num_cards);
+               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                        if (card_index == master_card_index || !has_new_frame[card_index]) {
                                continue;
                        }
@@ -1286,7 +1305,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                        }
                        if (new_frames[card_index].dropped_frames > 0) {
                                printf("%s dropped %d frames before this\n",
-                                       spec_to_string(device).c_str(), int(new_frames[card_index].dropped_frames));
+                                       description_for_card(card_index).c_str(), int(new_frames[card_index].dropped_frames));
                        }
                }
 
@@ -1298,7 +1317,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                        continue;
                }
 
-               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
+               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                        if (!has_new_frame[card_index] || new_frames[card_index].frame->len == 0)
                                continue;
 
@@ -1471,7 +1490,7 @@ start:
                goto start;
        }
 
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
                if (card->new_frames.empty()) {  // Starvation.
                        ++card->metric_input_duped_frames;
@@ -1505,7 +1524,7 @@ start:
                output_jitter_history.frame_arrived(output_frame_info.frame_timestamp, output_frame_info.frame_duration, output_frame_info.dropped_frames);
        }
 
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs + num_html_inputs; ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
                if (has_new_frame[card_index] &&
                    !input_card_is_master_clock(card_index, master_card_index) &&
@@ -1535,17 +1554,28 @@ start:
 void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
 {
        // Check for cards that have been disconnected since last frame.
-       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
-               if (card->capture->get_disconnected()) {
+               if (card->capture != nullptr && card->capture->get_disconnected()) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Card %u went away, replacing with a fake card.\n", card_index);
                        FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
-                       configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr);
+                       configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                        card->queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
                        card->capture->start_bm_capture();
                }
        }
 
+       // Count how many active cards we already have. Used below to check that we
+       // don't go past the max_cards limit set by the user. Note that (non-SRT) video
+       // and HTML “cards” don't count towards this limit.
+       int num_video_cards = 0;
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
+               CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
+               if (card->type == CardType::LIVE_CARD || is_srt_card(card)) {
+                       ++num_video_cards;
+               }
+       }
+
        // Check for cards that have been connected since last frame.
        vector<libusb_device *> hotplugged_cards_copy;
 #ifdef HAVE_SRT
@@ -1561,14 +1591,14 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
        for (libusb_device *new_dev : hotplugged_cards_copy) {
                // Look for a fake capture card where we can stick this in.
                int free_card_index = -1;
-               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                        if (cards[card_index].is_fake_capture) {
                                free_card_index = card_index;
                                break;
                        }
                }
 
-               if (free_card_index == -1) {
+               if (free_card_index == -1 || num_video_cards >= global_flags.max_num_cards) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "New card plugged in, but no free slots -- ignoring.\n");
                        libusb_unref_device(new_dev);
                } else {
@@ -1576,7 +1606,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                        fprintf(stderr, "New card plugged in, choosing slot %d.\n", free_card_index);
                        CaptureCard *card = &cards[free_card_index];
                        BMUSBCapture *capture = new BMUSBCapture(free_card_index, new_dev);
-                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, /*output=*/nullptr);
+                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, CardType::LIVE_CARD, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
                        card->queue_length_policy.reset(free_card_index);
                        capture->set_card_disconnected_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_hotplug_remove, this, free_card_index));
                        capture->start_bm_capture();
@@ -1597,7 +1627,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                // same stream ID, if any exist -- and it multiple exist,
                // take the one that disconnected the last.
                int first_free_card_index = -1, last_matching_free_card_index = -1;
-               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                        CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
                        if (!card->is_fake_capture) {
                                continue;
@@ -1615,7 +1645,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
 
                const int free_card_index = (last_matching_free_card_index != -1)
                        ? last_matching_free_card_index : first_free_card_index;
-               if (free_card_index == -1) {
+               if (free_card_index == -1 || num_video_cards >= global_flags.max_num_cards) {
                        if (stream_id.empty()) {
                                stream_id = "no name";
                        }
@@ -1631,7 +1661,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                        CaptureCard *card = &cards[free_card_index];
                        FFmpegCapture *capture = new FFmpegCapture(sock, stream_id);
                        capture->set_card_index(free_card_index);
-                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr, /*override_card_as_live=*/true);
+                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/true);
                        update_srt_stats(sock, card);  // Initial zero stats.
                        card->last_srt_stream_id = stream_id;
                        card->queue_length_policy.reset(free_card_index);
@@ -1640,13 +1670,23 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                }
        }
 #endif
+
+       // Finally, newly forced-to-active fake capture cards.
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
+               CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
+               if (card->capture == nullptr && card->force_active) {
+                       FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
+                       configure_card(card_index, capture, CardType::FAKE_CAPTURE, /*output=*/nullptr, /*is_srt_card=*/false);
+                       card->queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
+                       card->capture->start_bm_capture();
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 
 void Mixer::schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(unsigned dropped_frames, int num_samples_per_frame, int length_per_frame, bool is_preroll, steady_clock::time_point frame_timestamp)
 {
        // Resample the audio as needed, including from previously dropped frames.
-       assert(num_cards > 0);
        for (unsigned frame_num = 0; frame_num < dropped_frames + 1; ++frame_num) {
                const bool dropped_frame = (frame_num != dropped_frames);
                {
@@ -1688,7 +1728,7 @@ void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
        // Update Y'CbCr settings for all cards.
        {
                lock_guard<mutex> lock(card_mutex);
-               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+               for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++card_index) {
                        YCbCrInterpretation *interpretation = &ycbcr_interpretation[card_index];
                        input_state.ycbcr_coefficients_auto[card_index] = interpretation->ycbcr_coefficients_auto;
                        input_state.ycbcr_coefficients[card_index] = interpretation->ycbcr_coefficients;
@@ -1922,7 +1962,11 @@ void Mixer::set_input_ycbcr_interpretation(unsigned card_index, const YCbCrInter
 
 void Mixer::start_mode_scanning(unsigned card_index)
 {
-       assert(card_index < num_cards);
+       assert(card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS);
+       if (cards[card_index].capture != nullptr) {
+               // Inactive card. Should never happen.
+               return;
+       }
        if (is_mode_scanning[card_index]) {
                return;
        }
@@ -1946,12 +1990,14 @@ map<uint32_t, VideoMode> Mixer::get_available_output_video_modes() const
 
 string Mixer::get_ffmpeg_filename(unsigned card_index) const
 {
-       assert(card_index >= num_cards && card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs);
+       assert(card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS);
+       assert(cards[card_index].type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT);
        return ((FFmpegCapture *)(cards[card_index].capture.get()))->get_filename();
 }
 
 void Mixer::set_ffmpeg_filename(unsigned card_index, const string &filename) {
-       assert(card_index >= num_cards && card_index < num_cards + num_video_inputs);
+       assert(card_index < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS);
+       assert(cards[card_index].type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT);
        ((FFmpegCapture *)(cards[card_index].capture.get()))->change_filename(filename);
 }
 
@@ -2175,4 +2221,44 @@ void Mixer::update_srt_stats(int srt_sock, Mixer::CaptureCard *card)
 }
 #endif
 
+string Mixer::description_for_card(unsigned card_index)
+{
+       CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
+       if (card->capture == nullptr) {
+               // Should never be called for inactive cards, but OK.
+               char buf[256];
+               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Inactive capture card %u", card_index);
+               return buf;
+       }
+       if (card->type != CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT) {
+               char buf[256];
+               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Capture card %u (%s)", card_index, card->capture->get_description().c_str());
+               return buf;
+       }
+
+       // Number (non-SRT) FFmpeg inputs from zero, separately from the capture cards,
+       // since it's not too obvious for the user that they are “cards”.
+       unsigned ffmpeg_index = 0;
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < card_index; ++i) {
+               CaptureCard *other_card = &cards[i];
+               if (other_card->type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT && !is_srt_card(other_card)) {
+                       ++ffmpeg_index;
+               }
+       }
+       char buf[256];
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Video input %u (%s)", ffmpeg_index, card->capture->get_description().c_str());
+       return buf;
+}
+
+bool Mixer::is_srt_card(const Mixer::CaptureCard *card)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SRT
+       if (card->type == CardType::FFMPEG_INPUT) {
+               int srt_sock = static_cast<FFmpegCapture *>(card->capture.get())->get_srt_sock();
+               return srt_sock != -1;
+       }
+#endif
+       return false;
+}
+
 mutex RefCountedGLsync::fence_lock;