Let ss->ply denote the number of plies from the root to the current node

Let ss->ply denote the number of plies from the root to the current node

This patch lets ss->ply be equal to 0 at the root of the search.

Currently, the root has ss->ply == 1, which is less intuitive:

- Setting the rootNode bool has to check (ss-1)->ply == 0.

- All mate values are off by one: the code seems to assume that mated-in-0
  is -VALUE_MATE, mate-1-in-ply is VALUE_MATE-1, mated-in-2-ply is VALUE_MATE+2, etc.
  But the mate_in() and mated_in() functions are called with ss->ply, which is 1 in
  at the root.

- The is_draw() function currently needs to explain why it has "ply - 1 > i" instead
  of simply "ply > i".

- The ss->ply >= MAX_PLY tests in search() and qsearch() already assume that
  ss->ply == 0 at the root. If we start at ss->ply == 1, it would make more sense to
  go up to and including ss->ply == MAX_PLY, so stop at ss->ply > MAX_PLY. See also
  the asserts testing for 0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY.

The reason for ss->ply == 1 at the root is the line "ss->ply = (ss-1)->ply + 1" at
the start for search() and qsearch(). By replacing this with "(ss+1)->ply = ss->ply + 1"
we keep ss->ply == 0 at the root. Note that search() already clears killers in (ss+2),
so there is no danger in accessing ss+1.

I have NOT changed pv[MAX_PLY + 1] to pv[MAX_PLY + 2] in search() and qsearch().
It seems to me that MAX_PLY + 1 is exactly right:

- MAX_PLY entries for ss->ply running from 0 to MAX_PLY-1, and 1 entry for the
  final MOVE_NONE.

I have verified that mate scores are reported correctly. (They were already reported
correctly due to the extra ply being rounded down when converting to moves.)

The value of seldepth output to the user should probably not change, so I add 1 to it.
(Humans count from 1, computers from 0.)

A small optimisation I did not include: instead of setting ss->ply in every invocation
of search() and qsearch(), it could be set once for all plies at the start of
Thread::search(). This saves a couple of instructions per node.

No functional change (unless the search searches a branch MAX_PLY deep), so bench
does not change.