Run clang-tidy 'modernize'

Some warnings after a run of:

$ clang-tidy-3.8 -checks='modernize-*' *.cpp syzygy/*.cpp -header-filter=.* -- -std=c++11

I have not fixed all suggestions, for instance I still prefer
to declare the type instead of a spread use of 'auto'. I also
perfer good old 'typedef' to the new 'using' form.

I have not fixed some warnings in the last functions of
syzygy code because those are still the original functions
and need to be completely rewritten anyhow.

Thanks to erbsenzaehler for the original idea.

No functional change.