2 Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
4 Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
6 Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
27 // Simple macro to wrap a very common while loop, no facny, no flexibility,
28 // hardcoded list name 'mlist' and from square 'from'.
29 #define SERIALIZE_MOVES(b) while (b) (*mlist++).move = make_move(from, pop_1st_bit(&b))
31 // Version used for pawns, where the 'from' square is given as a delta from the 'to' square
32 #define SERIALIZE_MOVES_D(b, d) while (b) { to = pop_1st_bit(&b); (*mlist++).move = make_move(to + (d), to); }
41 template<CastlingSide>
42 MoveStack* generate_castle_moves(const Position&, MoveStack*, Color us);
44 template<Color, MoveType>
45 MoveStack* generate_pawn_moves(const Position&, MoveStack*, Bitboard, Square);
47 template<PieceType Pt>
48 inline MoveStack* generate_discovered_checks(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Square from) {
50 assert(Pt != QUEEN && Pt != PAWN);
52 Bitboard b = pos.attacks_from<Pt>(from) & pos.empty_squares();
55 b &= ~QueenPseudoAttacks[pos.king_square(flip(pos.side_to_move()))];
61 template<PieceType Pt>
62 inline MoveStack* generate_direct_checks(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Color us,
63 Bitboard dc, Square ksq) {
64 assert(Pt != KING && Pt != PAWN);
68 const Square* pl = pos.piece_list(us, Pt);
70 if ((from = *pl++) == SQ_NONE)
73 checkSqs = pos.attacks_from<Pt>(ksq) & pos.empty_squares();
77 if ( (Pt == QUEEN && !(QueenPseudoAttacks[from] & checkSqs))
78 || (Pt == ROOK && !(RookPseudoAttacks[from] & checkSqs))
79 || (Pt == BISHOP && !(BishopPseudoAttacks[from] & checkSqs)))
82 if (dc && bit_is_set(dc, from))
85 b = pos.attacks_from<Pt>(from) & checkSqs;
88 } while ((from = *pl++) != SQ_NONE);
94 FORCE_INLINE MoveStack* generate_direct_checks<PAWN>(const Position& p, MoveStack* m, Color us, Bitboard dc, Square ksq) {
96 return (us == WHITE ? generate_pawn_moves<WHITE, MV_CHECK>(p, m, dc, ksq)
97 : generate_pawn_moves<BLACK, MV_CHECK>(p, m, dc, ksq));
100 template<PieceType Pt, MoveType Type>
101 FORCE_INLINE MoveStack* generate_piece_moves(const Position& p, MoveStack* m, Color us, Bitboard t) {
104 assert(Type == MV_CAPTURE || Type == MV_NON_CAPTURE || Type == MV_EVASION);
106 return (us == WHITE ? generate_pawn_moves<WHITE, Type>(p, m, t, SQ_NONE)
107 : generate_pawn_moves<BLACK, Type>(p, m, t, SQ_NONE));
110 template<PieceType Pt>
111 FORCE_INLINE MoveStack* generate_piece_moves(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Color us, Bitboard target) {
115 const Square* pl = pos.piece_list(us, Pt);
121 b = pos.attacks_from<Pt>(from) & target;
123 } while (*++pl != SQ_NONE);
129 FORCE_INLINE MoveStack* generate_piece_moves<KING>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Color us, Bitboard target) {
132 Square from = pos.king_square(us);
134 b = pos.attacks_from<KING>(from) & target;
142 /// generate<MV_CAPTURE> generates all pseudo-legal captures and queen
143 /// promotions. Returns a pointer to the end of the move list.
145 /// generate<MV_NON_CAPTURE> generates all pseudo-legal non-captures and
146 /// underpromotions. Returns a pointer to the end of the move list.
148 /// generate<MV_NON_EVASION> generates all pseudo-legal captures and
149 /// non-captures. Returns a pointer to the end of the move list.
151 template<MoveType Type>
152 MoveStack* generate(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist) {
154 assert(!pos.in_check());
156 Color us = pos.side_to_move();
159 if (Type == MV_CAPTURE || Type == MV_NON_EVASION)
160 target = pos.pieces(flip(us));
161 else if (Type == MV_NON_CAPTURE)
162 target = pos.empty_squares();
166 if (Type == MV_NON_EVASION)
168 mlist = generate_piece_moves<PAWN, MV_CAPTURE>(pos, mlist, us, target);
169 mlist = generate_piece_moves<PAWN, MV_NON_CAPTURE>(pos, mlist, us, pos.empty_squares());
170 target |= pos.empty_squares();
173 mlist = generate_piece_moves<PAWN, Type>(pos, mlist, us, target);
175 mlist = generate_piece_moves<KNIGHT>(pos, mlist, us, target);
176 mlist = generate_piece_moves<BISHOP>(pos, mlist, us, target);
177 mlist = generate_piece_moves<ROOK>(pos, mlist, us, target);
178 mlist = generate_piece_moves<QUEEN>(pos, mlist, us, target);
179 mlist = generate_piece_moves<KING>(pos, mlist, us, target);
181 if (Type != MV_CAPTURE && pos.can_castle(us))
183 if (pos.can_castle(us == WHITE ? WHITE_OO : BLACK_OO))
184 mlist = generate_castle_moves<KING_SIDE>(pos, mlist, us);
186 if (pos.can_castle(us == WHITE ? WHITE_OOO : BLACK_OOO))
187 mlist = generate_castle_moves<QUEEN_SIDE>(pos, mlist, us);
193 // Explicit template instantiations
194 template MoveStack* generate<MV_CAPTURE>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist);
195 template MoveStack* generate<MV_NON_CAPTURE>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist);
196 template MoveStack* generate<MV_NON_EVASION>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist);
199 /// generate<MV_NON_CAPTURE_CHECK> generates all pseudo-legal non-captures and knight
200 /// underpromotions that give check. Returns a pointer to the end of the move list.
202 MoveStack* generate<MV_NON_CAPTURE_CHECK>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist) {
204 assert(!pos.in_check());
208 Color us = pos.side_to_move();
209 Square ksq = pos.king_square(flip(us));
211 assert(pos.piece_on(ksq) == make_piece(flip(us), KING));
213 // Discovered non-capture checks
214 b = dc = pos.discovered_check_candidates();
218 from = pop_1st_bit(&b);
219 switch (type_of(pos.piece_on(from)))
221 case PAWN: /* Will be generated togheter with pawns direct checks */ break;
222 case KNIGHT: mlist = generate_discovered_checks<KNIGHT>(pos, mlist, from); break;
223 case BISHOP: mlist = generate_discovered_checks<BISHOP>(pos, mlist, from); break;
224 case ROOK: mlist = generate_discovered_checks<ROOK>(pos, mlist, from); break;
225 case KING: mlist = generate_discovered_checks<KING>(pos, mlist, from); break;
226 default: assert(false); break;
230 // Direct non-capture checks
231 mlist = generate_direct_checks<PAWN>(pos, mlist, us, dc, ksq);
232 mlist = generate_direct_checks<KNIGHT>(pos, mlist, us, dc, ksq);
233 mlist = generate_direct_checks<BISHOP>(pos, mlist, us, dc, ksq);
234 mlist = generate_direct_checks<ROOK>(pos, mlist, us, dc, ksq);
235 return generate_direct_checks<QUEEN>(pos, mlist, us, dc, ksq);
239 /// generate<MV_EVASION> generates all pseudo-legal check evasions when the side
240 /// to move is in check. Returns a pointer to the end of the move list.
242 MoveStack* generate<MV_EVASION>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist) {
244 assert(pos.in_check());
247 Square from, checksq;
249 Color us = pos.side_to_move();
250 Square ksq = pos.king_square(us);
251 Bitboard checkers = pos.checkers();
252 Bitboard sliderAttacks = 0;
254 assert(pos.piece_on(ksq) == make_piece(us, KING));
257 // Find squares attacked by slider checkers, we will remove
258 // them from the king evasions set so to early skip known
259 // illegal moves and avoid an useless legality check later.
264 checksq = pop_1st_bit(&b);
266 assert(color_of(pos.piece_on(checksq)) == flip(us));
268 switch (type_of(pos.piece_on(checksq)))
270 case BISHOP: sliderAttacks |= BishopPseudoAttacks[checksq]; break;
271 case ROOK: sliderAttacks |= RookPseudoAttacks[checksq]; break;
273 // If queen and king are far we can safely remove all the squares attacked
274 // in the other direction becuase are not reachable by the king anyway.
275 if (squares_between(ksq, checksq) || (RookPseudoAttacks[checksq] & (1ULL << ksq)))
276 sliderAttacks |= QueenPseudoAttacks[checksq];
278 // Otherwise, if king and queen are adjacent and on a diagonal line, we need to
279 // use real rook attacks to check if king is safe to move in the other direction.
280 // For example: king in B2, queen in A1 a knight in B1, and we can safely move to C1.
282 sliderAttacks |= BishopPseudoAttacks[checksq] | pos.attacks_from<ROOK>(checksq);
289 // Generate evasions for king, capture and non capture moves
290 b = pos.attacks_from<KING>(ksq) & ~pos.pieces(us) & ~sliderAttacks;
294 // Generate evasions for other pieces only if not double check
298 // Find squares where a blocking evasion or a capture of the
299 // checker piece is possible.
300 target = squares_between(checksq, ksq) | checkers;
302 mlist = generate_piece_moves<PAWN, MV_EVASION>(pos, mlist, us, target);
303 mlist = generate_piece_moves<KNIGHT>(pos, mlist, us, target);
304 mlist = generate_piece_moves<BISHOP>(pos, mlist, us, target);
305 mlist = generate_piece_moves<ROOK>(pos, mlist, us, target);
306 return generate_piece_moves<QUEEN>(pos, mlist, us, target);
310 /// generate<MV_LEGAL> computes a complete list of legal moves in the current position
313 MoveStack* generate<MV_LEGAL>(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist) {
315 MoveStack *last, *cur = mlist;
316 Bitboard pinned = pos.pinned_pieces();
318 last = pos.in_check() ? generate<MV_EVASION>(pos, mlist)
319 : generate<MV_NON_EVASION>(pos, mlist);
321 // Remove illegal moves from the list
323 if (!pos.pl_move_is_legal(cur->move, pinned))
324 cur->move = (--last)->move;
334 template<Square Delta>
335 inline Bitboard move_pawns(Bitboard p) {
337 return Delta == DELTA_N ? p << 8 : Delta == DELTA_S ? p >> 8 :
338 Delta == DELTA_NE ? p << 9 : Delta == DELTA_SE ? p >> 7 :
339 Delta == DELTA_NW ? p << 7 : Delta == DELTA_SW ? p >> 9 : p;
342 template<MoveType Type, Square Delta>
343 inline MoveStack* generate_pawn_captures(MoveStack* mlist, Bitboard pawns, Bitboard target) {
345 const Bitboard TFileABB = (Delta == DELTA_NE || Delta == DELTA_SE ? FileABB : FileHBB);
350 // Captures in the a1-h8 (a8-h1 for black) diagonal or in the h1-a8 (h8-a1 for black)
351 b = move_pawns<Delta>(pawns) & target & ~TFileABB;
352 SERIALIZE_MOVES_D(b, -Delta);
356 template<MoveType Type, Square Delta>
357 inline MoveStack* generate_promotions(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Bitboard pawnsOn7, Bitboard target) {
359 const Bitboard TFileABB = (Delta == DELTA_NE || Delta == DELTA_SE ? FileABB : FileHBB);
364 // Promotions and under-promotions, both captures and non-captures
365 b = move_pawns<Delta>(pawnsOn7) & target;
367 if (Delta != DELTA_N && Delta != DELTA_S)
372 to = pop_1st_bit(&b);
374 if (Type == MV_CAPTURE || Type == MV_EVASION)
375 (*mlist++).move = make_promotion_move(to - Delta, to, QUEEN);
377 if (Type == MV_NON_CAPTURE || Type == MV_EVASION)
379 (*mlist++).move = make_promotion_move(to - Delta, to, ROOK);
380 (*mlist++).move = make_promotion_move(to - Delta, to, BISHOP);
381 (*mlist++).move = make_promotion_move(to - Delta, to, KNIGHT);
384 // This is the only possible under promotion that can give a check
385 // not already included in the queen-promotion.
386 if ( Type == MV_CHECK
387 && bit_is_set(pos.attacks_from<KNIGHT>(to), pos.king_square(Delta > 0 ? BLACK : WHITE)))
388 (*mlist++).move = make_promotion_move(to - Delta, to, KNIGHT);
389 else (void)pos; // Silence a warning under MSVC
394 template<Color Us, MoveType Type>
395 MoveStack* generate_pawn_moves(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Bitboard target, Square ksq) {
397 // Calculate our parametrized parameters at compile time, named
398 // according to the point of view of white side.
399 const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
400 const Bitboard TRank7BB = (Us == WHITE ? Rank7BB : Rank2BB);
401 const Bitboard TRank3BB = (Us == WHITE ? Rank3BB : Rank6BB);
402 const Square UP = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_N : DELTA_S);
403 const Square RIGHT_UP = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NE : DELTA_SW);
404 const Square LEFT_UP = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NW : DELTA_SE);
407 Bitboard b1, b2, dc1, dc2, pawnPushes, emptySquares;
408 Bitboard pawns = pos.pieces(PAWN, Us);
409 Bitboard pawnsOn7 = pawns & TRank7BB;
410 Bitboard enemyPieces = (Type == MV_CAPTURE ? target : pos.pieces(Them));
412 // Pre-calculate pawn pushes before changing emptySquares definition
413 if (Type != MV_CAPTURE)
415 emptySquares = (Type == MV_NON_CAPTURE ? target : pos.empty_squares());
416 pawnPushes = move_pawns<UP>(pawns & ~TRank7BB) & emptySquares;
419 if (Type == MV_EVASION)
421 emptySquares &= target; // Only blocking squares
422 enemyPieces &= target; // Capture only the checker piece
425 // Promotions and underpromotions
428 if (Type == MV_CAPTURE)
429 emptySquares = pos.empty_squares();
432 mlist = generate_promotions<Type, RIGHT_UP>(pos, mlist, pawnsOn7, enemyPieces);
433 mlist = generate_promotions<Type, LEFT_UP>(pos, mlist, pawnsOn7, enemyPieces);
434 mlist = generate_promotions<Type, UP>(pos, mlist, pawnsOn7, emptySquares);
438 if (Type == MV_CAPTURE || Type == MV_EVASION)
440 mlist = generate_pawn_captures<Type, RIGHT_UP>(mlist, pawns, enemyPieces);
441 mlist = generate_pawn_captures<Type, LEFT_UP>(mlist, pawns, enemyPieces);
444 // Single and double pawn pushes
445 if (Type != MV_CAPTURE)
447 b1 = (Type != MV_EVASION ? pawnPushes : pawnPushes & emptySquares);
448 b2 = move_pawns<UP>(pawnPushes & TRank3BB) & emptySquares;
450 if (Type == MV_CHECK)
452 // Consider only pawn moves which give direct checks
453 b1 &= pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(ksq, Them);
454 b2 &= pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(ksq, Them);
456 // Add pawn moves which gives discovered check. This is possible only
457 // if the pawn is not on the same file as the enemy king, because we
458 // don't generate captures.
459 if (pawns & target) // For CHECK type target is dc bitboard
461 dc1 = move_pawns<UP>(pawns & target & ~file_bb(ksq)) & emptySquares;
462 dc2 = move_pawns<UP>(dc1 & TRank3BB) & emptySquares;
468 SERIALIZE_MOVES_D(b1, -UP);
469 SERIALIZE_MOVES_D(b2, -UP -UP);
472 // En passant captures
473 if ((Type == MV_CAPTURE || Type == MV_EVASION) && pos.ep_square() != SQ_NONE)
475 assert(Us != WHITE || rank_of(pos.ep_square()) == RANK_6);
476 assert(Us != BLACK || rank_of(pos.ep_square()) == RANK_3);
478 // An en passant capture can be an evasion only if the checking piece
479 // is the double pushed pawn and so is in the target. Otherwise this
480 // is a discovery check and we are forced to do otherwise.
481 if (Type == MV_EVASION && !bit_is_set(target, pos.ep_square() - UP))
484 b1 = pawns & pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(pos.ep_square(), Them);
490 to = pop_1st_bit(&b1);
491 (*mlist++).move = make_enpassant_move(to, pos.ep_square());
497 template<CastlingSide Side>
498 MoveStack* generate_castle_moves(const Position& pos, MoveStack* mlist, Color us) {
500 CastleRight f = CastleRight((Side == KING_SIDE ? WHITE_OO : WHITE_OOO) << us);
501 Color them = flip(us);
503 // After castling, the rook and king's final positions are exactly the same
504 // in Chess960 as they would be in standard chess.
505 Square kfrom = pos.king_square(us);
506 Square rfrom = pos.castle_rook_square(f);
507 Square kto = relative_square(us, Side == KING_SIDE ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1);
508 Square rto = relative_square(us, Side == KING_SIDE ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1);
510 assert(!pos.in_check());
511 assert(pos.piece_on(kfrom) == make_piece(us, KING));
512 assert(pos.piece_on(rfrom) == make_piece(us, ROOK));
514 // Unimpeded rule: All the squares between the king's initial and final squares
515 // (including the final square), and all the squares between the rook's initial
516 // and final squares (including the final square), must be vacant except for
517 // the king and castling rook.
518 for (Square s = std::min(kfrom, kto); s <= std::max(kfrom, kto); s++)
519 if ( (s != kfrom && s != rfrom && !pos.square_is_empty(s))
520 ||(pos.attackers_to(s) & pos.pieces(them)))
523 for (Square s = std::min(rfrom, rto); s <= std::max(rfrom, rto); s++)
524 if (s != kfrom && s != rfrom && !pos.square_is_empty(s))
527 // Because we generate only legal castling moves we need to verify that
528 // when moving the castling rook we do not discover some hidden checker.
529 // For instance an enemy queen in SQ_A1 when castling rook is in SQ_B1.
530 if (pos.is_chess960())
532 Bitboard occ = pos.occupied_squares();
533 clear_bit(&occ, rfrom);
534 if (pos.attackers_to(kto, occ) & pos.pieces(them))
538 (*mlist++).move = make_castle_move(kfrom, rfrom);