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1 /*
2   Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3   Copyright (C) 2004-2023 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
4
5   Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8   (at your option) any later version.
9
10   Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13   GNU General Public License for more details.
14
15   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17 */
18
19 #include "thread.h"
20
21 #include <algorithm>
22 #include <cassert>
23 #include <cstdlib>
24 #include <deque>
25 #include <initializer_list>
26 #include <map>
27 #include <memory>
28 #include <utility>
29
30 #include "evaluate.h"
31 #include "misc.h"
32 #include "movegen.h"
33 #include "search.h"
34 #include "syzygy/tbprobe.h"
35 #include "tt.h"
36 #include "uci.h"
37
38 namespace Stockfish {
39
40 ThreadPool Threads;  // Global object
41
42
43 // Constructor launches the thread and waits until it goes to sleep
44 // in idle_loop(). Note that 'searching' and 'exit' should be already set.
45 Thread::Thread(size_t n) :
46     idx(n),
47     stdThread(&Thread::idle_loop, this) {
48
49     wait_for_search_finished();
50 }
51
52
53 // Destructor wakes up the thread in idle_loop() and waits
54 // for its termination. Thread should be already waiting.
55 Thread::~Thread() {
56
57     assert(!searching);
58
59     exit = true;
60     start_searching();
61     stdThread.join();
62 }
63
64
65 // Reset histories, usually before a new game
66 void Thread::clear() {
67
68     counterMoves.fill(MOVE_NONE);
69     mainHistory.fill(0);
70     captureHistory.fill(0);
71
72     for (bool inCheck : {false, true})
73         for (StatsType c : {NoCaptures, Captures})
74             for (auto& to : continuationHistory[inCheck][c])
75                 for (auto& h : to)
76                     h->fill(-71);
77 }
78
79
80 // Wakes up the thread that will start the search
81 void Thread::start_searching() {
82     mutex.lock();
83     searching = true;
84     mutex.unlock();   // Unlock before notifying saves a few CPU-cycles
85     cv.notify_one();  // Wake up the thread in idle_loop()
86 }
87
88
89 // Blocks on the condition variable
90 // until the thread has finished searching.
91 void Thread::wait_for_search_finished() {
92
93     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mutex);
94     cv.wait(lk, [&] { return !searching; });
95 }
96
97
98 // Thread gets parked here, blocked on the
99 // condition variable, when it has no work to do.
100
101 void Thread::idle_loop() {
102
103     // If OS already scheduled us on a different group than 0 then don't overwrite
104     // the choice, eventually we are one of many one-threaded processes running on
105     // some Windows NUMA hardware, for instance in fishtest. To make it simple,
106     // just check if running threads are below a threshold, in this case, all this
107     // NUMA machinery is not needed.
108     if (Options["Threads"] > 8)
109         WinProcGroup::bindThisThread(idx);
110
111     while (true)
112     {
113         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mutex);
114         searching = false;
115         cv.notify_one();  // Wake up anyone waiting for search finished
116         cv.wait(lk, [&] { return searching; });
117
118         if (exit)
119             return;
120
121         lk.unlock();
122
123         search();
124     }
125 }
126
127 // Creates/destroys threads to match the requested number.
128 // Created and launched threads will immediately go to sleep in idle_loop.
129 // Upon resizing, threads are recreated to allow for binding if necessary.
130 void ThreadPool::set(size_t requested) {
131
132     if (threads.size() > 0)  // destroy any existing thread(s)
133     {
134         main()->wait_for_search_finished();
135
136         while (threads.size() > 0)
137             delete threads.back(), threads.pop_back();
138     }
139
140     if (requested > 0)  // create new thread(s)
141     {
142         threads.push_back(new MainThread(0));
143
144         while (threads.size() < requested)
145             threads.push_back(new Thread(threads.size()));
146         clear();
147
148         // Reallocate the hash with the new threadpool size
149         TT.resize(size_t(Options["Hash"]));
150
151         // Init thread number dependent search params.
152         Search::init();
153     }
154 }
155
156
157 // Sets threadPool data to initial values
158 void ThreadPool::clear() {
159
160     for (Thread* th : threads)
161         th->clear();
162
163     main()->callsCnt                 = 0;
164     main()->bestPreviousScore        = VALUE_INFINITE;
165     main()->bestPreviousAverageScore = VALUE_INFINITE;
166     main()->previousTimeReduction    = 1.0;
167 }
168
169
170 // Wakes up main thread waiting in idle_loop() and
171 // returns immediately. Main thread will wake up other threads and start the search.
172 void ThreadPool::start_thinking(Position&                 pos,
173                                 StateListPtr&             states,
174                                 const Search::LimitsType& limits,
175                                 bool                      ponderMode) {
176
177     main()->wait_for_search_finished();
178
179     main()->stopOnPonderhit = stop = false;
180     increaseDepth                  = true;
181     main()->ponder                 = ponderMode;
182     Search::Limits                 = limits;
183     Search::RootMoves rootMoves;
184
185     for (const auto& m : MoveList<LEGAL>(pos))
186         if (limits.searchmoves.empty()
187             || std::count(limits.searchmoves.begin(), limits.searchmoves.end(), m))
188             rootMoves.emplace_back(m);
189
190     if (!rootMoves.empty())
191         Tablebases::rank_root_moves(pos, rootMoves);
192
193     // After ownership transfer 'states' becomes empty, so if we stop the search
194     // and call 'go' again without setting a new position states.get() == nullptr.
195     assert(states.get() || setupStates.get());
196
197     if (states.get())
198         setupStates = std::move(states);  // Ownership transfer, states is now empty
199
200     // We use Position::set() to set root position across threads. But there are
201     // some StateInfo fields (previous, pliesFromNull, capturedPiece) that cannot
202     // be deduced from a fen string, so set() clears them and they are set from
203     // setupStates->back() later. The rootState is per thread, earlier states are shared
204     // since they are read-only.
205     for (Thread* th : threads)
206     {
207         th->nodes = th->tbHits = th->nmpMinPly = th->bestMoveChanges = 0;
208         th->rootDepth = th->completedDepth = 0;
209         th->rootMoves                      = rootMoves;
210         th->rootPos.set(pos.fen(), pos.is_chess960(), &th->rootState, th);
211         th->rootState      = setupStates->back();
212         th->rootSimpleEval = Eval::simple_eval(pos, pos.side_to_move());
213     }
214
215     main()->start_searching();
216 }
217
218 Thread* ThreadPool::get_best_thread() const {
219
220     Thread*                 bestThread = threads.front();
221     std::map<Move, int64_t> votes;
222     Value                   minScore = VALUE_NONE;
223
224     // Find the minimum score of all threads
225     for (Thread* th : threads)
226         minScore = std::min(minScore, th->rootMoves[0].score);
227
228     // Vote according to score and depth, and select the best thread
229     auto thread_value = [minScore](Thread* th) {
230         return (th->rootMoves[0].score - minScore + 14) * int(th->completedDepth);
231     };
232
233     for (Thread* th : threads)
234         votes[th->rootMoves[0].pv[0]] += thread_value(th);
235
236     for (Thread* th : threads)
237         if (abs(bestThread->rootMoves[0].score) >= VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY)
238         {
239             // Make sure we pick the shortest mate / TB conversion or stave off mate the longest
240             if (th->rootMoves[0].score > bestThread->rootMoves[0].score)
241                 bestThread = th;
242         }
243         else if (th->rootMoves[0].score >= VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY
244                  || (th->rootMoves[0].score > VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY
245                      && (votes[th->rootMoves[0].pv[0]] > votes[bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv[0]]
246                          || (votes[th->rootMoves[0].pv[0]] == votes[bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv[0]]
247                              && thread_value(th) * int(th->rootMoves[0].pv.size() > 2)
248                                   > thread_value(bestThread)
249                                       * int(bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv.size() > 2)))))
250             bestThread = th;
251
252     return bestThread;
253 }
254
255
256 // Start non-main threads
257
258 void ThreadPool::start_searching() {
259
260     for (Thread* th : threads)
261         if (th != threads.front())
262             th->start_searching();
263 }
264
265
266 // Wait for non-main threads
267
268 void ThreadPool::wait_for_search_finished() const {
269
270     for (Thread* th : threads)
271         if (th != threads.front())
272             th->wait_for_search_finished();
273 }
274
275 }  // namespace Stockfish