/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
- Copyright (C) 2004-2020 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
+ Copyright (C) 2004-2021 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#include "uci.h"
#include "syzygy/tbprobe.h"
+namespace Stockfish {
+
namespace Search {
LimitsType Limits;
constexpr uint64_t TtHitAverageWindow = 4096;
constexpr uint64_t TtHitAverageResolution = 1024;
- // Razor and futility margins
- constexpr int RazorMargin = 510;
+ // Futility margin
Value futility_margin(Depth d, bool improving) {
return Value(234 * (d - improving));
}
// History and stats update bonus, based on depth
int stat_bonus(Depth d) {
- return d > 14 ? 29 : 8 * d * d + 224 * d - 215;
+ return d > 14 ? 66 : 6 * d * d + 231 * d - 206;
}
- // Add a small random component to draw evaluations to avoid 3fold-blindness
+ // Add a small random component to draw evaluations to avoid 3-fold blindness
Value value_draw(Thread* thisThread) {
return VALUE_DRAW + Value(2 * (thisThread->nodes & 1) - 1);
}
Move best = MOVE_NONE;
};
- // Breadcrumbs are used to mark nodes as being searched by a given thread
- struct Breadcrumb {
- std::atomic<Thread*> thread;
- std::atomic<Key> key;
- };
- std::array<Breadcrumb, 1024> breadcrumbs;
-
- // ThreadHolding structure keeps track of which thread left breadcrumbs at the given
- // node for potential reductions. A free node will be marked upon entering the moves
- // loop by the constructor, and unmarked upon leaving that loop by the destructor.
- struct ThreadHolding {
- explicit ThreadHolding(Thread* thisThread, Key posKey, int ply) {
- location = ply < 8 ? &breadcrumbs[posKey & (breadcrumbs.size() - 1)] : nullptr;
- otherThread = false;
- owning = false;
- if (location)
- {
- // See if another already marked this location, if not, mark it ourselves
- Thread* tmp = (*location).thread.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
- if (tmp == nullptr)
- {
- (*location).thread.store(thisThread, std::memory_order_relaxed);
- (*location).key.store(posKey, std::memory_order_relaxed);
- owning = true;
- }
- else if ( tmp != thisThread
- && (*location).key.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == posKey)
- otherThread = true;
- }
- }
-
- ~ThreadHolding() {
- if (owning) // Free the marked location
- (*location).thread.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
- }
-
- bool marked() { return otherThread; }
-
- private:
- Breadcrumb* location;
- bool otherThread, owning;
- };
-
template <NodeType NT>
Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode);
uint64_t perft(Position& pos, Depth depth) {
StateInfo st;
- ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::kCacheLineSize);
+ ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::CacheLineSize);
uint64_t cnt, nodes = 0;
const bool leaf = (depth == 2);
while (true)
{
Depth adjustedDepth = std::max(1, rootDepth - failedHighCnt - searchAgainCounter);
- bestValue = ::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, adjustedDepth, false);
+ bestValue =
Stockfish::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, adjustedDepth, false);
// Bring the best move to the front. It is critical that sorting
// is done with a stable algorithm because all the values but the
Move pv[MAX_PLY+1], capturesSearched[32], quietsSearched[64];
StateInfo st;
- ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::kCacheLineSize);
+ ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::CacheLineSize);
TTEntry* tte;
Key posKey;
// Step 1. Initialize node
Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
- ss->inCheck = pos.checkers();
- priorCapture = pos.captured_piece();
- Color us = pos.side_to_move();
- moveCount = captureCount = quietCount = ss->moveCount = 0;
- bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
- maxValue = VALUE_INFINITE;
+ ss->inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ priorCapture = pos.captured_piece();
+ Color us = pos.side_to_move();
+ moveCount = captureCount = quietCount = ss->moveCount = 0;
+ bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
+ maxValue = VALUE_INFINITE;
// Check for the available remaining time
if (thisThread == Threads.main())
thisThread->mainHistory[~us][from_to((ss-1)->currentMove)] << bonus;
}
- // Step 7. Razoring (~1 Elo)
- if ( !rootNode // The required rootNode PV handling is not available in qsearch
- && depth == 1
- && eval <= alpha - RazorMargin)
- return qsearch<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta);
-
// Set up improving flag that is used in various pruning heuristics
// We define position as improving if static evaluation of position is better
// Than the previous static evaluation at our turn
? ss->staticEval > (ss-4)->staticEval || (ss-4)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE
: ss->staticEval > (ss-2)->staticEval;
- // Step 8. Futility pruning: child node (~50 Elo)
+ // Step 7. Futility pruning: child node (~50 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
&& depth < 9
&& eval - futility_margin(depth, improving) >= beta
&& eval < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN) // Do not return unproven wins
return eval;
- // Step 9. Null move search with verification search (~40 Elo)
+ // Step 8. Null move search with verification search (~40 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
&& (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL
- && (ss-1)->statScore < 22977
+ && (ss-1)->statScore < 24185
&& eval >= beta
&& eval >= ss->staticEval
- && ss->staticEval >= beta - 30 * depth - 28 * improving + 84 * ss->ttPv + 168
+ && ss->staticEval >= beta - 24 * depth - 34 * improving + 162 * ss->ttPv + 159
&& !excludedMove
&& pos.non_pawn_material(us)
&& (ss->ply >= thisThread->nmpMinPly || us != thisThread->nmpColor))
assert(eval - beta >= 0);
// Null move dynamic reduction based on depth and value
- Depth R = (1015 + 85 * depth) / 256 + std::min(int(eval - beta) / 191, 3);
+ Depth R = (1062 + 68 * depth) / 256 + std::min(int(eval - beta) / 190, 3);
ss->currentMove = MOVE_NULL;
ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[0][0][NO_PIECE][0];
}
}
- probCutBeta = beta + 194 - 49 * improving;
+ probCutBeta = beta + 209 - 44 * improving;
- // Step 10. ProbCut (~10 Elo)
+ // Step 9. ProbCut (~4 Elo)
// If we have a good enough capture and a reduced search returns a value
// much above beta, we can (almost) safely prune the previous move.
if ( !PvNode
&& ttValue != VALUE_NONE
&& ttValue < probCutBeta))
{
- // if ttMove is a capture and value from transposition table is good enough produce probCut
- // cutoff without digging into actual probCut search
- if ( ss->ttHit
- && tte->depth() >= depth - 3
- && ttValue != VALUE_NONE
- && ttValue >= probCutBeta
- && ttMove
- && pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
- return probCutBeta;
-
assert(probCutBeta < VALUE_INFINITE);
+
MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, probCutBeta - ss->staticEval, &captureHistory);
int probCutCount = 0;
bool ttPv = ss->ttPv;
ss->ttPv = ttPv;
}
- // Step 11. If the position is not in TT, decrease depth by 2
+ // Step 10. If the position is not in TT, decrease depth by 2
if ( PvNode
&& depth >= 6
&& !ttMove)
moves_loop: // When in check, search starts from here
+ ttCapture = ttMove && pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove);
+
+ // Step 11. A small Probcut idea, when we are in check
+ probCutBeta = beta + 400;
+ if ( ss->inCheck
+ && !PvNode
+ && depth >= 4
+ && ttCapture
+ && (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
+ && tte->depth() >= depth - 3
+ && ttValue >= probCutBeta
+ && abs(ttValue) <= VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
+ && abs(beta) <= VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
+ )
+ return probCutBeta;
+
+
const PieceToHistory* contHist[] = { (ss-1)->continuationHistory, (ss-2)->continuationHistory,
nullptr , (ss-4)->continuationHistory,
nullptr , (ss-6)->continuationHistory };
value = bestValue;
singularQuietLMR = moveCountPruning = false;
- ttCapture = ttMove && pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove);
- // Mark this node as being searched
- ThreadHolding th(thisThread, posKey, ss->ply);
+ // Indicate PvNodes that will probably fail low if the node was searched
+ // at a depth equal or greater than the current depth, and the result of this search was a fail low.
+ bool likelyFailLow = PvNode
+ && ttMove
+ && (tte->bound() & BOUND_UPPER)
+ && tte->depth() >= depth;
// Step 12. Loop through all pseudo-legal moves until no moves remain
// or a beta cutoff occurs.
// Reduced depth of the next LMR search
int lmrDepth = std::max(newDepth - reduction(improving, depth, moveCount), 0);
- if ( !captureOrPromotion
- && !givesCheck)
+ if ( captureOrPromotion
+ || givesCheck)
+ {
+ // Capture history based pruning when the move doesn't give check
+ if ( !givesCheck
+ && lmrDepth < 1
+ && captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move)))] < 0)
+ continue;
+
+ // SEE based pruning
+ if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-218) * depth)) // (~25 Elo)
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
{
- // Countermoves based pruning (~20 Elo)
- if ( lmrDepth < 4 + ((ss-1)->statScore > 0 || (ss-1)->moveCount == 1)
+ // Continuation history based pruning (~20 Elo)
+ if ( lmrDepth < 4
&& (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold
&& (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold)
continue;
// Futility pruning: parent node (~5 Elo)
if ( lmrDepth < 7
&& !ss->inCheck
- && ss->staticEval + 254 + 159 * lmrDepth <= alpha
+ && ss->staticEval + 174 + 157 * lmrDepth <= alpha
&& (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[3])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
- + (*contHist[5])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] / 2 < 26394)
+ + (*contHist[5])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] / 3 < 28255)
continue;
// Prune moves with negative SEE (~20 Elo)
if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-(30 - std::min(lmrDepth, 18)) * lmrDepth * lmrDepth)))
continue;
}
- else
- {
- // Capture history based pruning when the move doesn't give check
- if ( !givesCheck
- && lmrDepth < 1
- && captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move)))] < 0)
- continue;
-
- // SEE based pruning
- if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-218) * depth)) // (~25 Elo)
- continue;
- }
}
// Step 14. Extensions (~75 Elo)
{
Value singularBeta = ttValue - ((formerPv + 4) * depth) / 2;
Depth singularDepth = (depth - 1 + 3 * formerPv) / 2;
+
ss->excludedMove = move;
value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, singularBeta - 1, singularBeta, singularDepth, cutNode);
ss->excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
{
extension = 1;
singularQuietLMR = !ttCapture;
+ if (!PvNode && value < singularBeta - 140)
+ extension = 2;
}
// Multi-cut pruning
}
}
- // Check extension (~2 Elo)
- else if ( givesCheck
- && (pos.is_discovery_check_on_king(~us, move) || pos.see_ge(move)))
- extension = 1;
-
- // Last captures extension
- else if ( PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] > PawnValueEg
- && pos.non_pawn_material() <= 2 * RookValueMg)
- extension = 1;
-
// Add extension to new depth
newDepth += extension;
// Step 15. Make the move
pos.do_move(move, st, givesCheck);
- // Step 16. Reduced depth search (LMR, ~200 Elo). If the move fails high it will be
- // re-searched at full depth.
+ // Step 16. Late moves reduction / extension (LMR, ~200 Elo)
+ // We use various heuristics for the sons of a node after the first son has
+ // been searched. In general we would like to reduce them, but there are many
+ // cases where we extend a son if it has good chances to be "interesting".
if ( depth >= 3
&& moveCount > 1 + 2 * rootNode
&& ( !captureOrPromotion
|| moveCountPruning
|| ss->staticEval + PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] <= alpha
|| cutNode
- || (!PvNode && !formerPv && thisThread->captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.captured_piece())] < 4506)
- || thisThread->ttHitAverage < 432 * TtHitAverageResolution * TtHitAverageWindow / 1024))
+ || (!PvNode && !formerPv && captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.captured_piece())] < 3678)
+ || thisThread->ttHitAverage < 432 * TtHitAverageResolution * TtHitAverageWindow / 1024)
+ && (!PvNode || ss->ply > 1 || thisThread->id() % 4 != 3))
{
Depth r = reduction(improving, depth, moveCount);
- // Decrease reduction if the ttHit running average is large
+ // Decrease reduction if the ttHit running average is large (~0 Elo)
if (thisThread->ttHitAverage > 537 * TtHitAverageResolution * TtHitAverageWindow / 1024)
r--;
- // Increase reduction if other threads are searching this position
- if (th.marked())
- r++;
-
- // Decrease reduction if position is or has been on the PV (~10 Elo)
- if (ss->ttPv)
+ // Decrease reduction if position is or has been on the PV
+ // and node is not likely to fail low. (~3 Elo)
+ if ( ss->ttPv
+ && !likelyFailLow)
r -= 2;
// Increase reduction at root and non-PV nodes when the best move does not change frequently
- if ((rootNode || !PvNode) && thisThread->rootDepth > 10 && thisThread->bestMoveChanges <= 2)
- r++;
-
- // More reductions for late moves if position was not in previous PV
- if (moveCountPruning && !formerPv)
+ if ( (rootNode || !PvNode)
+ && thisThread->rootDepth > 10
+ && thisThread->bestMoveChanges <= 2)
r++;
- // Decrease reduction if opponent's move count is high (~5 Elo)
+ // Decrease reduction if opponent's move count is high (~1 Elo)
if ((ss-1)->moveCount > 13)
r--;
- // Decrease reduction if ttMove has been singularly extended (~3 Elo)
+ // Decrease reduction if ttMove has been singularly extended (~1 Elo)
if (singularQuietLMR)
r--;
if (!captureOrPromotion)
{
- // Increase reduction if ttMove is a capture (~5 Elo)
+ // Increase reduction if ttMove is a capture (~3 Elo)
if (ttCapture)
r++;
// Increase reduction at root if failing high
- r += rootNode ? thisThread->failedHighCnt * thisThread->failedHighCnt * moveCount / 512 : 0;
+ if (rootNode)
+ r += thisThread->failedHighCnt * thisThread->failedHighCnt * moveCount / 512;
- // Increase reduction for cut nodes (~10 Elo)
+ // Increase reduction for cut nodes (~3 Elo)
if (cutNode)
r += 2;
- // Decrease reduction for moves that escape a capture. Filter out
- // castling moves, because they are coded as "king captures rook" and
- // hence break make_move(). (~2 Elo)
- else if ( type_of(move) == NORMAL
- && !pos.see_ge(reverse_move(move)))
- r -= 2 + ss->ttPv - (type_of(movedPiece) == PAWN);
-
ss->statScore = thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(move)]
+ (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[3])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
- - 5287;
-
- // Decrease/increase reduction by comparing opponent's stat score (~10 Elo)
- if (ss->statScore >= -105 && (ss-1)->statScore < -103)
- r--;
-
- else if ((ss-1)->statScore >= -122 && ss->statScore < -129)
- r++;
+ - 4741;
// Decrease/increase reduction for moves with a good/bad history (~30 Elo)
- r -= ss->statScore / 14884;
- }
- else
- {
- // Unless giving check, this capture is likely bad
- if ( !givesCheck
- && ss->staticEval + PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] + 210 * depth <= alpha)
- r++;
+ if (!ss->inCheck)
+ r -= ss->statScore / 14790;
}
- Depth d = std::clamp(newDepth - r, 1, newDepth);
+ // In general we want to cap the LMR depth search at newDepth. But if
+ // reductions are really negative and movecount is low, we allow this move
+ // to be searched deeper than the first move.
+ Depth d = std::clamp(newDepth - r, 1, newDepth + (r < -1 && moveCount <= 5));
value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true);
- doFullDepthSearch = value > alpha && d != newDepth;
-
+ // If the son is reduced and fails high it will be re-searched at full depth
+ doFullDepthSearch = value > alpha && d < newDepth;
didLMR = true;
}
else
{
doFullDepthSearch = !PvNode || moveCount > 1;
-
didLMR = false;
}
assert(moveCount || !ss->inCheck || excludedMove || !MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size());
if (!moveCount)
- bestValue = excludedMove ? alpha
- : ss->inCheck ? mated_in(ss->ply) : VALUE_DRAW;
+ bestValue = excludedMove ? alpha :
+ ss->inCheck ? mated_in(ss->ply)
+ : VALUE_DRAW;
// If there is a move which produces search value greater than alpha we update stats of searched moves
else if (bestMove)
Move pv[MAX_PLY+1];
StateInfo st;
- ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::kCacheLineSize);
+ ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::CacheLineSize);
TTEntry* tte;
Key posKey;
moveCount++;
- // Futility pruning
+ // Futility pruning and moveCount pruning
if ( bestValue > VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY
&& !givesCheck
&& futilityBase > -VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
- && !pos.advanced_pawn_push(move))
+ && type_of(move) != PROMOTION)
{
- assert(type_of(move) != ENPASSANT); // Due to !pos.advanced_pawn_push
- // moveCount pruning
if (moveCount > 2)
continue;
[pos.moved_piece(move)]
[to_sq(move)];
- // CounterMove based pruning
+ // Continuation history based pruning
if ( !captureOrPromotion
&& bestValue > VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY
&& (*contHist[0])[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold
PieceType captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(bestMove)));
bonus1 = stat_bonus(depth + 1);
- bonus2 = bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? bonus1 // larger bonus
- : stat_bonus(depth); // smaller bonus
+ bonus2 = bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? bonus1 // larger bonus
+ : std::min(bonus1, stat_bonus(depth)); // smaller bonus
if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
{
bool RootMove::extract_ponder_from_tt(Position& pos) {
StateInfo st;
- ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::kCacheLineSize);
+ ASSERT_ALIGNED(&st, Eval::NNUE::CacheLineSize);
bool ttHit;
m.tbRank = 0;
}
}
+
+} // namespace Stockfish
projects / stockfish / blobdiff